荷电膜的动电现象研究-高分子化学与物理专业论文.docxVIP

了验汪，理论预测与实验结果趋势一致。 了验汪，理论预测与实验结果趋势一致。 第四章也是从理沦方面探讨细孔膜的压力驱动电位，着重考虑了膜表面的浓 差极化对压力驱动电位的影响。重点考察了围定离子浓度(Ⅳ)、膜厚度(d)、水 渗透系数(D”)、边界层厚度(包括6。和J。)、阳／阴离子的扩散系数之比f主体溶 液：B／D；膜相：D+／D)对压力驱动电位的影响；并且以～商品化的反渗透 膜为例，将典型参数条件下的理论模拟结果与实验数据作比较，两者吻合得较好。 第五章从实验方面探讨了有机一水溶液中多孔膜的流动电位，主要考虑了有 机溶剂在有机一水混合溶剂中的质量百分含量、有机溶液的浓度、有机溶剂的种 类和电解质的种类对多孔膜的流动电位的影响。 第六章是全文总结。通过前面的理论和实验分析，得出了～系列关于荷电膜 动电现象的有意义的结论。 附录为第三章中需要用到的用C语言编程计算病态Poisson—Boltzmann方程。 关键词：荷电膜．离子交换膜，双极膜，窄孔膜，流动电位，压力驱动电位 zeta电位，动电现象，有机溶剂 I{ ／l ／l bstract Abstract Membrane separation is novel technology，which has the function of separation， concenn‘ation and purification with the advantage of efficiency,energy—saving and environmental benigned．Moreover,membrane separation process is simple and of easy scalling—up．Therefore，this novel technology has been widely applied to many industrial fields such as water treatment，electt’onic engineering，food and chemical engineering，and it has brought about huge economic and social benefits． Membrane is the kernel COmponent of the membrane separation modules． Because of the fixed charge the surface，the sepal‘ation mechanism of the charged membrane is different fi’OITI that of the neutral one．Obvious predominance of separation using charged membranes lies in the anti—fouling，hydrophilicity and selectivity．to ions compared with using neutral ones．Furthermore，small species be separated using wide-pore membranes due tO the electrostatic effect，and the components with similar sizes but different charge properties can be also separated． Therefore，it is necessary to characterize the surface charge for better understanding the performance of the charged membrane．General ly,the surface charge of the charged membrane is characterized by its zeta potential．However，the zeta potential can’t be measured straightly，which be only obtained by other indirect methods． The electrokinetic phenomena such as the streaming potential and electrophoresis be observed if the charged membrane is induced by pressure gradients electric for