曼昆经济学原理课件(下)-宏观部分，北大课件Chapter-28Unemployment-and-Its-Natural-Rate.pptx

第二十八章 失业与自然失业率Unemployment and Its Natural Rate1 失业的种类 Categories of Unemployment失业的问题通常分为两类The problem of unemployment is usuallydivided into two categories.长期问题和短期问题The long-run problem and the short-runproblem: 自然失业率 The natural rate of unemployment 周期失业率 The cyclical rate of unemployment2 自然失业率 Natural Rate of Unemployment自然失业率是即便在长期也不会自行消失的失业The natural rate of unemployment isunemployment that does not go away on itsown even in the long run.它是经济通常所经受的失业数量It is the amount of unemployment that theeconomy normally experiences.3 周期性失业 Cyclical Unemployment周期性失业指的是失业围绕其自然失业率的逐年波动Cyclical unemployment refers to the year-to-year fluctuations in unemployment around itsnatural rate.它和商业周期的短期上升和下降相联系It is associated with short-term ups and downsof the business cycle.4 描述失业 Describing Unemployment三个基本问题 Three Basic Questions: 政府如何衡量经济的失业率 ？ How does government measure the economy’s rate of unemployment? 在解释失业数据时有哪些问题？ What problems arise in interpreting the unemployment data? 失业者没有工作的时间一般是多长？ How long are the unemployed typically without work?5失业是如何衡量的？How is Unemployment Measured?失业是由劳工统计局（BLS)来测量的Unemployment is measured by the Bureauof Labor Statistics (BLS).它每月调查随机选取的60,000个家庭It surveys 60,000 randomly selectedhouseholds every month.这一调查被称为当前人口调查The survey is called the Current PopulationSurvey.6 失业是如何衡量的？How is Unemployment Measured? 基于对调查问题的回答，劳工统计局将每 个成年人归入三种类型之一： Based on the answers to the survey questions, the BLS places each adult into one of three categories: 就业者 Employed 失业者 Unemployed 非劳动力 Not in the labor force7 失业是如何衡量的？ How is Unemployment Measured?劳工统计局将16岁以上的人作为成年人The BLS considers a personan adult if he or she is over 16years old.8失业是如何衡量的？How is Unemployment Measured?如果一个人在最近一周的大部分时间里从事了有报酬的工作，他（她）就被视为就业者A person is considered employed if heor she has spent most of the previousweek working at a paid job.9失业是如何衡量的？How is Unemployment Measured?如果一个人暂时被解雇了，正在寻找工作或等待新工作开始，他（她）就被视为失业者A person is unemployed if he or she ison temporary layoff, is looking fo