英语四级考试重点语法精选汇总.docVIP

大学英语四级语法精要 一、动词(时态，语态，用法，省略，一致性等) （一）时态 1、主动形式 过去 现在 将来 过去将来 一般 did do will/shall do should/would do 进行 was/were doing am/is/are doing will/shall be doing / 完成 had done have/has done will/shall have done should/would have done用于虚拟语气 完成进行 had been doing have/has been doing / / 2、被动形式 过去 现在 将来 过去将来 一般 was/were given am/is/are given Will / shall be given should/would be given 进行 was/were being given am/is/are being given / / 完成 was/were being given am/is/are being given / / 完成进行 / / / / · CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 · 时间状语从句当中的时态： 一般过去时 所有的过去 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 3、现在完成进行时态 (have/has been + -ing 分词构成): 动作或状态从过去某时开始,继续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束. · I’ve been writing letters for an hour. I’ve been sitting in the garden. 4、过去完成进行时(由had been + ing分词构成): 过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作 · We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came. 5、将来完成进行时: 将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作. · By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years. 6、将来完成时(由shall/will have + 过去分词构成): 将来某时会业已发生的事. · I shall have finished this one before lunch. They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October. （二）语态 1、可以有两种被动结构的类型,例如: · He was said to be jealous of her success. It was said that he was jealous of her success. · 能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计”，“相信”等意义的动词，常见的有：assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等。 · It is supposed that the ship has been sunk. The ship is supposed to have been sunk. 2、担当be supposed to 与不定式的一般形式搭配时往往表示不同的意义。 · Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit. (你应该晓得速度限制) 3、双宾语及宾补结构的被动语态 1）双宾语结构的被动语态: 双宾语结构变为被动语态时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面,但多数是把间接宾语变为主语。 · He was asked a number of questions at the press conference. Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations. 宾补结构的被动语态: · She was called Big Sister by everybody. 4、短语动词 1）Vi. + adv.：The plane took off two hours late. 2）Vi. + prep.：They looked round the Cath