第一讲果树发育生理.pptVIP

主要内容 需寒量和休眠的调控 全球变暖危机着温带果树的需冷量 低温时间的减少引起了植物早开花 低温时间的减少引起了倒春寒的频繁发生——冻害 不同类型的休眠及其对环境信号的响应 类休眠：相关休眠（Paradormancy）是指由休眠组织以外的其他部位（如叶片、茎 顶等）产生抑制物质，抑制休眠组织的生长，如腋芽的生长被顶芽所抑制（顶端优 势）。 内休眠 种子休眠 块茎的休眠 顶端分化模型 FT运输到顶端，并在RM（髓状分生组织）处积累；CENL1表达，RM形成 种子休眠 种子休眠的诱导和休眠解除途径 参与种子休眠的基因 芽的休眠 不同植物芽休眠对环境的响应 芽在生长发育至休眠过程中相关代谢过程的变化 光周期对芽休眠的调控机制 光周期对芽休眠调控途径 温度对休眠的调控 温度是通过调控GA1代谢来控制休眠 DRM1/ARP与顶芽的休眠 DRM1/ARP参与了多个生物过程 芽休眠的调控途径 Methylome and changes during chilling tteatment 生长向休眠传递过程中顶芽的发育状态的改变 B?hlenius, et al.(2006) CO/FT regulatory module controls timing of ?owering and seasonal growth cessation in trees. Science 312, 1040–1043. FT/CO基因调控着花的形成和芽休眠的形成 顶端 apex 形成层 cambium DRM1/ARP的发现 Stafstrom et al. 1998 花芽的休眠和解除 花芽的休眠主要与花芽的成熟有关) Yamane et al., 2011, Scientia Horticulturae 129: 844-848 低温诱导了花芽的成熟 SDcold Flower arrested Flower bud development and dormancy-mediated arrest Flowering competent Six peach DAM genes responsible for dormancy onset DAM1 DAM2 DAM3 DAM4 DAM5 DAM6 EVG SOC1 FT AP1? LFY AG, AP3, PI, SEP Flower induction SVP Cool temperature FLC FRI Winter Histone methylation DAM function and SVP Vernalization and flowering induction in Arabidopsis DAMs Flower bud development Winter SOC1 FT AP1? LFY AG, AP3, PI, SEP Flower induction SVP Cool temperature FLC FRI Fall Winter Histone methylation Epigenetic programming Dormancy and flower development in peach Meiosis division Stamen carpel, ovule DAM genes must target genes essential for floral organ development SD Cool Chilling FLC VRN1 DAMs DAMs ? Warm 休眠和春化相同点及不同点 Dormancy and vernalization: Similarity and difference Dormancy release of peach flower buds and its unique regulation Dormancy - flower development arrest Chilling release the arrest DNA methylation Histone methylation Small RNA profile Transcriptional profile Vernalization - flower induction Two programs potentially govern the dormancy release and flower blooming 0 (H) 500 1000 D