英国文学重点知识复习.doc

名词解释 Philosophy:The word “” is Greek for “love of wisdom” and has come to mean a systematic search for answer to life’s great questions.(哲学定义) Rationalism:Ancient Greeks believe that some universal truth has always existed and that reason is the primary source of knowledge.（理性主义定义） Idealism:Human senses provide inexact concepts of things; only human reason can give us true knowledge about the world.（柏拉图Plato）(理念论/唯心主义 定义） The Renaissance:The French word “renaissance” means “rebirth” in English. It refers to the rebirth of knowledge in Europe, particularly the rediscovery of the Greco-Roman texts.（持续300年）(文艺复兴 定义) Magna Carta: The barons wrote the famous document called the Magna Carta, which they forced John to accept on June 15, 1215 at Runnymede. This Magna Carta, also called the Great Charter, was designed to obtain public liberties and to control the king’s power.(大宪章定义) Puritan：The term “Puritan” comes from the desires of these English Christians to “purify” the Anglican Church by removing all traces of Roman Catholicism.(清教徒定义) Industrial Revolution(简称I.R): During the latter half of 18th century, a rapid series of changes began, especially in the field of manufacturing. There were so many new inventions the whole process is often described as ~~(工业革命定义) The factory of the world: British was once called~~~~~, because the Industrial Revolution promoted its development of production.(世界工厂定义) The Enclosure Movement: In the end of 15th century, the cloth industry increased the value of wool. Raising sheep became more profitable. Large areas of lands were often fenced by landlords without any warning to the peasants. This process is called~~~(圈地运动定义) Boston Massacre: On Mach 5, 1770, angry Boston citizens died and eight were wounded. Dubbed the “Boston Massacre”, the incident was regarded as proof of British tyranny.(波士顿惨案内容)（美国革命序曲) 1the Declaration of Independence: On July 4, 1776 the Second Continental Congress officially declared independence and formed the Uni