后置、前置、倒装.pptVIP

语序： “正常词序”(Normal Order)，又叫“自然词序”(Natural Order)。如： My mother likes a cup of tea every afternoon． My uncle was formerly a teacher of chemistry． 非正常语序： 后置(Postponement)： 1)句尾焦点(End Focus)和句尾重心(End Weight)。 信息的单位(Information Unit)， “旧信息+新信息” 旧信息(Old Information)，又叫已知信息(Given／Known Information)是 新信息(New Information) 信息焦点(Information Focus)，又叫句尾焦点，(End Focus) 信息焦点 Mr. Smith is a friend of my father’s. 旧信息 新 信 息 “句尾重心”(End Weight) He smokes. He smokes cigarettes． He rested． He took a rest． 2)关键词语的后置 “后置”(Postponement)定义： 比较： He gave me a book． He gave a book to me． The cross—examination(盘问)was expertly handled． It lasted only half an hour． 如果是回答How long did the cross—examination last?那就有下列几种安排法 The cross—examination, which was expertly handled，lasted only half an hour． Expertly handled，the cross—examination lasted only half an hour. The expertly handled cross-examination lasted only half an hour. The cross-examination, in expert hands, lasted only half an hour. The cross-examination, an expertly handled affair, lasted only half an hour. 不引起倒装的前置成分通常是宾语、主语补语和宾语补语。例如： Books，he had treasured from the earliest period of his life. I knew you were careless，but dishonest I never thought you． 上述前置常常是为了使上下文紧密衔接。 有时这种前置是为了意义的对比和结构的对称。例如： Tactless she may be，but ungrateful you should not think her. 当主语补语前置时，如果主语较长或主语结构比较复杂，这种主语补语的前置就会引起倒装(Inversion)。例如： More serious was the question of how the President would present the joint announcement(联合声明)． 当前置宾语由“not a+名词”或者“not a single+名词”构成时，也会引起倒装。例如： I had a terrible time playing roulette(轮盘赌)at the casino(赌场). Not a winning number did I have all night. 最通常引起倒装的是某些状语的前置。 1、全部倒装(Full Inversion)，整个谓语置于主语之前 2、局部倒装(Partial Inversion)，操作词置于主语之前。 引起倒装的前置状语大体有下列几种情况： a)当句首状语为方位词或拟声词，谓语动词为go，come等表示位置转移的动态动词时，通常用全部倒装。如果主语是代词，那就不用倒装： b)当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时，也会引起全部倒装。例如： c)当句首状语为否定词或带有否定意义的词语时，一般引起局部倒装。 d)句首状语若由“only+副词”、“only+介词词组、“only+状语分句构成，也可引起局部倒装。 注：only + 宾语时也可倒装 另外，not a +名词，noth