第一讲-西方哲学(英语).pptVIP

THANK YOU！ Introduction What is philosophy? Branches of Philosophy Western Philosophy How is philosophy related to our everyday life? What is philosophy? Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. Philosophy is distinguished from other ways of addressing these questions by its critical, generally systematic approach and its reliance on reasoned argument. Questions that can be answered empirically, by the use of the senses, are not philosophical questions. Statements of ordinary perception are not philosophical questions. Questions that the sciences can answer are not philosophical questions. Questions about what has happened in the past are not philosophical questions. Questions in arithmetic, algebra and other branches of mathematics are not philosophical questions. What is left for philosophy to consider? ＊Philosophy is the study of reality. ＊Philosophy is the study of justification. ＊Philosophy is the analysis of various concepts that are central to our thought. branches of philosophy epistemology metaphysics ethics ontology morality aesthetics empiricism rationalism Metaphysics: the study of the nature of being and the world. Traditional branches are cosmology and ontology. Epistemology: concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge, and whether knowledge is possible. Among it central concerns has been the challenge posed by skepticism and the relationships between truth, belief, and justification. Ethics, or moral philosophy: concerned with questions of how persons ought to act or if such questions are answerable. The main branches of ethics: natural ethics, relative ethics, and Meta-ethics. Meta-ethics concerns the nature of ethical thought, comparison of various ethical systems, whether there are absolute ethical truths, and how such truths could be known. Ethics is als