延续性动词和短暂性动词笔记.doc

WORD 格式 整理 学习 参考 资料 分享 持续动词与瞬间动词 英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分，使用中应注意两者的区别。 持续性动词表示一个动作可持续一段时间，此类动词有 do, live, have, keep, wear, sleep, wait, work, play, stay, know, sing, dance, write, study, rest, talk, walk等. 瞬时性动词表示不能持续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束，此类动词有 open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, leave, move, borrow, buy, die, lend, join, catch, get, win, fail等 一、持续性动词 表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。常见的有study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean, slean, sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, write, sit, stand, lie, keep等。 二、瞬间性动词 表示一个动作发生在一瞬间，非常短暂。亦称终止性动词。常见的有begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away, put up, set out, put on, get on/off等。 以上已集中了初中教材的大部分持续性动词及瞬间性动词。 三、用法 1、持续性动词在完成时中能与表示持续一段时间的状语连用，而瞬间性动词则不能。例如： His parents talked with the teacher for half an hour.（他的父母跟老师谈了半个小时。） My mother has lain in bed for 3 days.（我母亲生病卧床已经三天了。） My parents have lived in Shanghai since 1950.（我父母亲从1950年起就住在上海了。） 2、瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用，通常的方法： （1）用意思相当的持续性动词来替换，例如： He has been in the army/a soldier for htree years.（他参军已有3年了。）不能用has joined She has been up for quite some time.（她起床已有好久了。）不能用has got up Has your brother been away from home for a long time?（你哥哥离家已有好久了吗？）不能用has left 初中课本中的常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系如下： 1、go——be away 2、come——be here 3、come back——be back 4、leave——be away（be not here） 5、buy——have 6、borrow——keep 7、die——be dead 8、begin——be on 9、finish——be over 10、open——be open 11、close——be closed 12、lose——be lost 13、get to know——know 14、turn on——be on 15、get up——be up 16、sit down——sit/be seated 17、join——be in（…）或be a…member a)用延续性动词代替终止性动词 1、用have代替buy My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. 2、用keep或have代替borrow I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. 3、用be替代become How long has your sister been a teacher? 4、用have a cold代替catch a cold Tom