牛顿万有引力是以光速传播的引力.PDF

牛顿万有引力是以光速传播的引力 汤克云1,2 1 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 2 清华大学天体物理中心 摘要 由于在牛顿万有引力公式中不含时间，人们便理所当然地认为引 力从引力源发出的时间与到达被作用物体的时间是相同的，即引力是 以无穷大速度传播的。实际上，开普勒行星三定律是从长期、大量的 光学观测中归纳出来的客观规律，很好地反映了行星在太阳引力作用 下作视运动的实际状况，这是检验引力理论的极好依据。本文以地球 在太阳引力作用下围绕太阳转动为例，检验牛顿万有引力的传播特性。 牛顿万有引力定律与开普勒观测的高度一致性，证明了在开普勒行星 定律中和在牛顿万有引力定律中的太阳（引力源）位置都只能是视位 置；牛顿引力是从太阳的视位置发出，以光速传播至地球（被作用物 体）的，而不是从太阳的真位置发出，瞬间到达地球的。自牛顿万有 引力定律发表以来，牛顿引力定律一直被认为是一个超距作用的理论， 尽管牛顿本人认为‘超距作用是莫大的荒唐’。这是一个具有广泛而 深远负面影响的历史性误会，现在可以彻底消除。 关键词 牛顿万有引力 开普勒行星定律 视位置 超距作用 以光速 传播 Newtons universal gravity is a gravity traveling at the speed of light Keyun Tang1, 2 1 Institute of Geology and Geophysics, CAS 2 Center for Astrophysics, Tsinghua University Abstract Due to that Newtons universal gravitation formula does not contain time; people believe that the time at which the gravity emitted from the gravitational source and the time at which gravity arrives in and acts on the object are the same, namely the gravity travels at an infinite speed. In fact, Kepler ’s laws of planetary motion were summarized up from the long term and a large number of optical observations, they well reflect apparent motion of planets under the action of solar gravity, and they are very good grounds for testing the theory of gravity. The earth turns around the sun under the action of solar gravity, for example, can be used to test the traveling characteristics of Newtons universal gravity. The high consistency between Newtons law of gravity and Keplers observations has proved that the positions of the Sun both in Kepler’s law and in Newtons law are must all be apparent positions instead of true positions. So, Newtons gravity must be emitted from the apparent position of the Sun, and travels to the earth at the speed of light, rather than