大学语言学lecturephonetics及ponology.pptVIP

7.4 Distinctive Features区别性特征 Those features which are phonologically relevant properties and can distinguish meaning, e.g plosiveness, bilabiality, and voicelessness in English phonology. 8.Suprasegmental Features超音段特征 The features that occur above the level of the segments and can distinguish meanings, which include syllable, stress, intonation and tone 8.1 Syllables Monosyllabic: Polysyllabic: cat, dog, door transplant, festival, communication Syllable Structure n s ? k s A syllable can be divided into 2 parts, the onset节首 the rhyme韵基. As the vowel within the rhyme is the nucleus节核，the consonants after it will be termed the coda节尾 ? All syllables must have a nucleus but not all syllables contain an onset and a coda. ?Open syllable:开音节 a syllable without a coda e.g. bar, tie ? Closed syllable:闭音节 e.g. tied, pen a syllable with a coda ? Only a vowel can play the part of a nucleus (T or F). ?English Syllable: (((C)C)C)V((((C)C)C)C) ?cccvcccc,cccvccc,cccvcc,cccvc, cccv,ccvcccc,ccvccc,ccvcc,ccvc,ccv,cvcccc,cvccc, cvcc, cvc, cv,vcccc, vccc, vcc, vc, v (20) ?Chinese syllable: (C)V(C)?cvc, cv, v (3) Sonority Scale响亮度 ? Stress Becoming norm inTEGral coMMUNal forMIDable conTROVersy Considered conservative INtegral COMMunal FORmidable CONtroversy ? The degree of force used in producing a syllable. RP laBORatory DEBris GARage American LABoratory deBRIS gaRAGE Verb conVICT inSULT proDUCE reBEL Noun CONvict INsult PROduce REbel BLACKboard BLACKbird black BOARD black BIRD Primary Secondary Stress epiphenomenal ?[?epif??n?min?l] unsatisfactory ?[?n?s?t?s?f?kt?ri] discrimination ?[d??skrimi?nei??n] Sentence Stress JOHN bought a red bicycle. John bought a red bicycle. John BOUGHT a red bicycle. John bought a RED bicycle. John bought a red BICYCLE. 3) Phoneticians are concerned with how sounds differ in the way they are pronounced. Eg. how these two [t]s differ in the way they are pronounced in the word “tea” “too” ; while phonologists are interested i