摘要abstract讲解课件.ppt

How to WriteAbstract What is abstract? An abstract should be viewed as a miniature(缩影) version of the paper. A well-prepared abstract enables readers to identify the basic content of a document quickly and accurately, to determine its relevance （关联） to their interests, and thus to decide whether they need to read the document in its entirety abstract Types of Abstracts 1 2 3 - the primary research objective or purpose- method employed in solving the problems- principal findings or results- major conclusions and serves as a substitute for the full paper outlines（概括） the topics covered in the paper and is like a table of contents in paragraph form. An informative-indicative abstract is a combined form This type of abstract offers fewer details, instead, giving emphasis to the author’s chief contribution. Informative abstract(资料性) Descriptive/indicative abstract（描述性） Informative-indicative abstract 摘要的构成 - STRUCTURE of abstract result object method conclusion abstract scope of the investigation the problems A summary of results. To reflect the value of the study. to embody the innovation(创新性) the Principle, theory, conditions,materials, technology, structure, means and procedures employed in the process. After expriment,the author got the datas, effect etc to answer the problems. Objective 动词不定式开头 To investigate …/To study …/To explore … To examine …/To determine … To achieve targets in these areas most effectively the design and management of a mining operation should be analysed as an integrated extraction process（综合提取工艺）. 使用第一人称时，用凡指的we, the author, the authors ,不用I。 如：In this paper we conclude … Methods 用完整的句子，以被动句和过去时态为主。 ?In this study, phosphate(磷酸盐) ore containing francolite（细晶磷灰石) as a main phosphate mineral was used and the concentration by single-stage flotation(单级浮选) with a fatty acid derivative（衍生物） collector was studied. Results 用一般过去时陈述实验结果。 ?Feed particle size of 100 μm was found to be the most effective one.