腹前外侧壁的解剖.ppt

腹前外侧壁的解剖 一、目的要求 界域Boundaries of the abdomen Boundaries Superiorly－ xiphoid process, lower border of costal arch, 11th and 12th ribs, vertebra T12 Inferiorly－superior border of pubic symphysis, pubic crest, pubic tubercle, fold of inguinal canal, anterior superior iliac spine, iliac crest, spinous process of L5 腹部分区The abdominal regions ——Nine regions The abdominal regions 腹部分区——Four quadrants 表面标志Landmarks of abdomen Pubic symphysis Pubic tubercle Iliac crest Umbiicus Linea semilunaris Transpyloric plane 二、腹前外侧壁Anterolateral abdominal wall Layers ( from superficial to deep) Skin Superficial fascia Anterolateral muscles Transverse fascia 腹横筋膜 Extraperitoneal fascia 腹膜下筋膜 Parietal peritoneum 壁腹膜 皮下血管和神经Superficial vessels and cutaneous nerves Arteries Superficial epigastric a. Superficial iliac circumflex a. Veins Thoracoepigastric v. Superficial epigastric v. Cutaneous nerves Anterior and lateral cutaneous n. of lower six thoracic Iliohypogastric n. (first lumb nerves) Superficial vessels and cutaneous nerves 淋巴引流Lymph drainge Superficial lymph vessels above the level of the umbilicus grain upward into the pectoral Ln. The vessels below this level drain downward into the superficial inguinal Ln. 腹肌Muscles of abdomen Anterolateral group Obliquus externus abdominis 腹外斜肌 Obliquus internus abdominis 腹内斜肌 Transversus abdominis 腹横肌 Rectus abdominis 腹直肌 Obliquus externus absominis 腹外斜肌 General direction of fibers: downward, forward and medially (run down and inward) Obliquus externus absominis 腹外斜肌 Relative Structures Inguinal ligament 腹股沟韧带 Lacunar ligament 腔隙韧带 Superficial inguinal ring 腹股沟管浅环 －triangular-shaped defect in aponeurosis of obliquus externus abdominis above pubic tubercle 腹股沟浅环Superficial inguinal ring Obliquus internus abdominis 腹内斜肌 Deep to obliquus externus abdominis General direction of fibres: upwards, forwards and medially Transversus abdominis 腹横肌 Deep to obliquus internus General direction of fibers: run hori