河北坝上九种主要农作物的花粉形态.docx

河北坝上九种主要农作物的花粉形态 摘要：应用光学显微镜对河北省坝上地区的9种主要农作物的花粉形态进行了观察和研究。结果表明，花粉粒呈圆球形、近球形或长球形;体积最大的花粉为西葫芦（Cucurbita pepo），最小的为油菜（Brassica campestris）;P/E值最大的花粉为蚕豆（Vicia faba）1.77，最小的为莜麦（Avena chinsis）1.00;花粉的萌发孔主要有单孔、散孔、3孔、3沟、3孔沟、3～4孔沟等6种类型;其外壁纹饰主要包括网状、瘤状、具刺、颗粒状等4种类型。该研究为地层中农作物花粉鉴定提供标准图谱和相关信息，为地层中伴人植物（主要为栽培作物）信息的提取，推断古人类生活的自然环境，了解人类与环境变化的关系提供现代孢粉学证据。 关键词：花粉形态;农作物;河北坝上 中图分类号：Q944.58 ? ? ? ?文献标识码：A ? ? ? ?文章编号：0439-8114（2014）21-5075-03 DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2014.21.006 Pollen Morphology of Nine Major Crops in Bashang Plateau of Hebei Province ZHANG Ru-chun，YANG Xiao-lan，JIANG Hong-jun，WANG Rui-jun （Institute of Geographical Science， Hebei Academy of Sciences，Shijiazhuang 050021，China） Abstract： Pollen morphology of nine major crops in Bashang Plateau of Hebei Province was observed and compared under an optical microscope. Pollen grains were spherical， nearly spherical or prolate. Pollen grains of Cucurbita pepo were the largest， and those of Brassica campestris were the smallest. P/E value of Vicia faba was the maximum of 1.77， and that of Avena Chinsis was the minimum of 1.00. There were six types of germinal apertures including single-aperture， scattered-aperture， 3-aperture， 3-groove， 3-colporate and 3～4-colporate. There were four types of exine ornamentation including reticulate ornamentation， warty ornamentation， spinulose ornamentation and granular ornamentation. It will not only provide standard maps and related information for identifying crop pollens in different strata， but also provide modern palynological evidence for extracting information of synarthropic plants （cultivated crops mostly） in different strata， deducing the natural environment where ancient human lived in， and understanding the relationship between human and environmental changes. Key words： pollen morphology; crops; bashang plateau of Hebei province 孢粉是古植被的直接代用指标和古气候的间接代用指标，地层中的花粉反映了不同时期生态环境演变的历程。生态环境的演变与人类活动又有着直接的关系，国内外许多学者对人类活动扰动下的孢粉组合特征及其反映的环境效应研究已取得了很多成果[1-6]。人类栽培作物的历史从某种程度上反映了人类活动参与生态环境演变、