SLA_二语习得重要问题总结.docVIP

PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 3 SLA 期末考试提纲 Week 9 Chapter 1 Introducing Second Language Acquisition Chapter 2 Foundations of Second Language Acquisition PART ONE: Definition: Second Language Acquisition (SLA): a term that refers both to the study of individuals and groups who are learning a language subsequent to learning their first one as young children, and to the process of learning that language. Formal L2 learning: instructed learning that takes place in classrooms. Informal L2 learning: SLA that takes place in naturalistic contexts. First language/native language/mother tongue (L1): A language that is acquired naturally in early childhood, usually because it is the primary language of a child’s family. A child who grows up in a multilingual setting may have more than one “first” language. Second language (L2): In its general sense, this term refers to any language that is acquired after the first language has been established. In its specific sense, this term typically refers to an additional language which is learned within a context where it is societally dominant and needed for education, employment, and other basic purposes. The more specific sense contrasts with foreign language, library language, auxiliary (帮助的，辅助的) language, and language for specific purposes. Target language: The language that is the aim or goal of learning. Foreign language: A second language that is not widely used in the learners’ immediate social context, but rather one that might be used for future travel or other cross-cultural communication situations, or one that might be studied as a curricular requirement or elective in school with no immediate or necessary practical application. Library language: A second language that functions as a tool for further learning, especially when books and journals in a desired field of study are not commonly published in the learner’s L1. Auxiliary language: A second language that learners need to know for some official functions in their imme