澳大利亚历史.ppt

The great development both in urban and rural areas In the late 19th century, Melbourne became the financial and commercial centre of Australia. Attracting investment Melbourne Positive aspects: Population: climbed high Buildings: sprang up New factories, shops and banks: seen everywhere Transport net: link the suburbs and the city Melbourne Negative aspects: ◇Pollution: “Marvellous Melbourne” →→“Marvellous Smelbourne” ◇Poverty: working class people The development of remote areas(1860s-1890s) Cattle industry--- Western Australia (Northern Territory, the Kimberleys) Mining---New South Wales (Broken Hill) Pearling and fishing---northern waters Fighted for eight-hour day--- the traditional craft of Stonemasons (1856) Trade union---shearers, miners, whart workers→→ manual labours ↓↓↓ Gaining parliamentary representation for workers Australia’s labour movement ----by the end of the 1890s ◎For better organized and more efficient ◎For united and the represents in Parliament ◎For local politics Nationalism ☆With their political consciousness growing, many Australians pay more attention to their national identity. ☆The British influence on Australia’s cultural and economic began to weaken slowly. ☆Australians began to admire native writers and painters; the Sydney Bulletin became very popular. ↓↓↓ Help led to the movement towards Federation Federation The federation of Australia On 1 January,1901,the proclamation of the Commonwealths of Australia was held in Centennial Park, Sydney. the interim Prime Minister: Edmund Barton The Commonwealth of Australia Was inaugurated on 1 January,1901. Maintained strong bonds with Britain (A governor General of Australia and a Governor in each state, was appointed to represent the British monarch.) The constitution for the commonwealth ◆In 1890s, held by conventions ◆In 1899 and 1900, a draft Constitution was approved and put to referendums in the colonies. ◆On 3 July, 1990,the Comm