残疾人专用轮椅的研究与设计.pdf

摘要 近些年由于自然灾害和交通事故造成的肢体残疾人数量在不断增多，下肢残疾人占 很大一部分比例。轮椅作为下肢残疾人的代步工具，在其生活中扮演着重要的角色。现 今的轮椅功能单一、造型色彩单调，根本无法满足残疾人更深层次的需求。 本文对现有残疾人轮椅进行了分析研究，对其分类形式和功能都做了归纳阐述，总 结出了现有轮椅主要的不足功能，同时为了规范轮椅设计尺寸及研究下肢残疾人活动范 围，推导出坐在轮椅上健全人的人体尺寸，近似等同于下肢残疾人人体尺寸。本文还运 用人因工程学和生理学等学科知识分析了人体疲劳的原因，总结出了满足人体乘坐舒适 性的要求。论文还引入残疾人心理需求研究，分析总结出残疾人心理特征和心理需求， 并提出把残疾人心理需求加入到轮椅的设计中是有必要的并且是可行的。轮椅的设计部 分加入了我自己的设计实践，提出了现有轮椅的四个不足之处，并全部解决。 本论文设计研究的这台轮椅基本满足了乘坐舒适性的要求和残疾人生理和心理的 需求，能对下肢残疾人的生活和治疗过程有一些帮助。 关键词 ： 轮椅；下肢残疾人 ；舒适性；残疾人心理 I Abstract In recent years，the amount of extremity disability ，caused by the natural disasters and traffic accidents ，is continually increasing and the lower extremity disability takes a big proportion. Wheelchair as lower limb disabled people instead of walking tool plays an important role in their lives. Wheelchair single function at present ，modeling is drab ，cannot meet the needs of disabled persons at a deeper level. The paper will start from the wheelchairs and the summaries research analysis presenting manual of categories and functionalities. At the same time ，in order to regulate wheelchair design size and scope of activities of lower limb disabilities ，wheelchair deduced healthy persons body size ，approximately equivalent to the lower limb disabled body dimensions. The paper also applies ergonomics and physiology of the human body and other disciplines of knowledge causes of fatigue analysis ，summed up to meet the requirements of human comfort. This paper also will introduce the psychological needs research of disabled people, analyses and summarizes the psychological characteristics and psychological needs of the disabled ， and adding Psychological needs of disabled persons and into the design