美国文学第一讲.ppt

Characteristics of the Lost Generation: *suffered from the War *lost beliefs *disillusioned *strong sense of loss *indulged in drinking *couldn’t adjust to the present Major Writers of the Lost Generation: *Earnest Hemingway (海明威) The Old Man and the Sea《老人与海》 *Francis Scott Fitzgerald (菲兹杰拉德) The Great Gatsby《了不起的盖茨比》 *Ezra Pound (庞德) “In a Station of the Metro” “在地铁车站” *John Dos Passos (帕索斯) The 42nd Parallel《北纬42度》 USA (a trilogy) : The Big Money《赚大钱》 1919《1919年》 3. Beat Generation (垮掉的一代) A term to refer to the generation in the US after World War II, especially writers, who tried to separate themselves from society and looked for various kinds of freedom. Ideology: primitivism, eccentricity, inspiration from jazz and visionaries Orientalism, experimentation, Leading members of the Beat Generation Poet: *Allen Ginsberg (金斯伯格) “Howl” “嚎叫” Novelists: *Jack Kerouac (克鲁尔克) On the Road 《在路上》 *William Burroughs (巴勒斯) Naked Lunch 《裸者的午餐》 The writers of the Beat Generation expressed their revolt through literary works of loose structure and slang diction. They were tired of the established values, the conventional society, the commercial world, and modern civilization. They even turned to drinking and drugs. 4. Naturalism It was a literary movement taking place from 1880s to 1940s that used detailed realism to suggest that social conditions, heredity, and environment had inescapable force in shaping human character. The term naturalism describes a type of literature that attempts to apply scientific principles of objectivity and detachment to its study of human beings. Unlike realism, which focuses on literary technique, naturalism implies a philosophical position: for naturalistic writers, since human beings are, in Emile Zola’s phrase, “human beasts,” characters can be studied through their relationships to their surroundings (soc