自考英语词汇学复习大纲自己整理.doc

Chapter 1 Basic Concepts 基本概念 the definition of a word （he definition of a word comprises the following points: (1) a minimal free form of a language; (2) a sound unity; (3) a unit of meaning; (4) a form that can function alone in a sentence. A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.） sound and meaning ：symbolic connection is almost always arbitrary and conventional. A dog is called a dog not because the sound and the three letters that make up the word just automatically suggest the animal in question. No enough letters: alphabet from latinPronunciation changed more rapidly No enough letters: alphabet from latin Pronunciation changed more rapidly Early scribes: change spelling for easier recognition Borrowing: different rules of pronunciation and spelling sound and form ： all national character 全民性stability all national character 全民性 stability 稳定性 productivity 多产性 polysemy 一词多义 collocability 搭配性 obvious characteristics明显的特点vocabularyby use frequency 按使用频率分： obvious characteristics 明显的特点 by use frequency 按使用频率分： basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary 基本词汇和非基本词汇 by notion 按概念分： content words and functional words 实义词和功能词 by origin 按起源分： native words and borrowed words 本地词和外来词 basic word stock 基本词汇 nonbasic vocabulary 非基本词汇 classification of words neutral in style 文体上中性frequent in use 使用频繁native words本地词borrowed words neutral in style 文体上中性 frequent in use 使用频繁 native words 本地词 borrowed words 外来词 terminology 术语 jargon 行话 slang 俚语 argon 黑话 dialectal words 方言词 archaism 古语词 neologism 新词 denizens 同化词 aliens 异形词 translation-loans 译借词 semantic-loans 借义词 Chapter 2 Development Prussian 普鲁士语Lithuanian 立陶宛语Polish 波兰语Czech 捷克语Bulgarian 保加利亚语 Prussian 普鲁士语 Lithuanian 立陶宛语 Polish 波兰语 Czech 捷克语 Bulgarian 保加利亚语 Slovenian 斯洛文尼亚语 Russian 俄语 Eastern set： 东部诸语族： Western set： 西部诸语族： Balto-Slavic Balto-Slavic 波罗的海-斯拉夫语 Indo-Iranian 印度-伊朗语 Armenian 亚美尼亚语 Albani