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Chapter 11
GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM AND
WELFARE
By
WALTER NICHOLSON
Slides prepared by
Linda Ghent (Eastern Illinois University)
Modified by
Huihua NIE (Renmin Unversity of China)
1
Perfectly Competition and
Efficiency (ch11)
*
Price Q is competitive price, which
S leads to efficiency. Q1for
monopoly, and Q2 for
P m regulation or opening.
S’
P *
Increased consumers’ surplus because of
r t opening of int’l trade
P / P
MR D
Quantity
Q1 Q * Q2
2
General Equilibrium
Edgeworth Box Diagram
• Consumers buy goods X and Y, and a
firm produce them given k and l. So firm
faces production possibility curve
• An Edgeworth box shows every possible
way the existing k and l might be used to
produce x and y
– any point in the box represents a fully
employed allocation of the available
resources to x and y 3
Edgeworth Box Diagram
Labor in y production
Labor for x Labor for y Capital
Oy in
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