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微变化研究法与二语习得研究
Guangzhou,ChinaModemForeignLanguages(Quarterly)Vo1.26No.3July2003:311—317
TheMicrogeneticMethodandSecondLanguageAcquisitionResearch
WENQiu—fang
Thepaperintroducestosecondlanguageresearchersthemicrogeneticmethodemergingin
cognitivepsychology.Overthepasttwentyyears,anincreasingnumberofresearchershaveadopted
thismethodtostudythepathandmechanismofchangeincognitivedevelopmentwithafocuson
variabilitywithinagroupandwithinasubject.Themethodischaracterizedbythreeessentialprop—
erties:asufficientlylongobservationspan,ahighdensityofobservationsandanintensiveanalysisof
theobservationdata.Itcandistinguishamongfivedimensionsofchange:itspath,rate,breath,
sourceandvariability.Thepathofchangereferstothesequenceofknowledgestatesorproblem—
solvingstrategieswhenthesubjectsaregainingcompetencewhereastherateofchangespecifiesthe
periodoftimethatseparatestheinitialdiscoveryofanewstrategyfromtheconsistentuseofit.While
thebreadthofchangeshowshowwidelythestrategyconsistentlyusedinthetreatmentisgeneralized
tootherproblemsandcontexts,thesourceofchangeinvolvesthecausesthatsetthechangeinmo—
tion.Thelastdimensionofchange,i.e.thevariability,measureshowsubjectsinanexperimentdiffer
fromoneanotherintermsofpath,rate,breadthandsourceofchange.Themostoutstandingfeature
ofthismethodisthatitcanbeusedtodoresearchondiversifiedCO1ntareasandpopulations.and
canmakeupforsomeofthelimitationsofcross—sectionalandlongitudinalstudies.However,itis
difficulttousethismethodextensivelybecauseitistime—consumingandlabor—intensive,andit
requiresthesubjectstobewellmotivatedandextremelycooperative.Thepaperfinallyexploresthe
possibilitiesofusingthismethodindoingresearchonsecondlanguageacquisition.Itsuggeststhatwe
mayusethismethodtoinvestigatefrequencyeffectsontheco~ectionofstudents’fossilizederrorsor
thelearningofanewlinguisticitem.Thefindingsyieldedbythismethodwillrevealthemechanism
ofchangeinL2developmentandthecomplexitiesofL2learning.
Keywords:microgeneficmethod,variability,frequencyeffects,secondlanguageacquis
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