护理学导论 第9章 护理程序.pptVIP

6. 护理诊断分为四种类型，即现存的护理诊断、潜在的护理诊断、健康的护理诊断及综合的护理诊断。 The types of nursing diagnosis are actual, risk, wellness and syndrome diagnosis. 7. 护理诊断有四个组成部分：名称、定义、诊断依据和相关因素。每个护理诊断应明确、简要，并以服务对象为中心；一个护理诊断应针对一个健康问题，并明确相关因素。 A nursing diagnosis consists of the label, definition, defining characteristics, and related factors. Each nursing diagnosis should be clear, concise, client centered, one problem-focused, and based on specific related factors. 8. 合作性问题无法由护士预防和独立处理，护士需要承担监测职责，以及时发现服务对象并发症的发生和变化，要求护士与医生合作共同处理以减少并发症的发生。 Collaborative problems are certain physiological complications that nurses cannot prevent or address independently. The nurse, in cooperation with the physician, is responsible to monitor and detect onset or changes of clients’ conditions and reduce the risk of complications. 9. 护理计划包括排列护理诊断的优先顺序，确定预期目标，制定护理措施，以及护理计划成文。 The elements of nursing planning include setting the priorities, establishing goals/expected outcomes, selecting the intervention and writing the plan. 10. 实施护理措施前要求护士重新评估对象以确定护理措施是否合适，审阅和修改护理计划，分析所需知识和技能，预测可能的并发症，并准备所需资源。 Before the implementation of nursing interventions, the nurse should reassess the client to determine whether the proposed nursing intervention is still appropriate for the client’s level of wellness, validates the plan accordingly, analyzes the required skills and knowledge, anticipates the complications, and organizes resources. 11. 评价预期目标是否实现包含两项内容：确定实施护理措施后服务对象实际行为或反应的变化；将服务对象的反应与预期目标比较，判断预期目标实现的程度。 To determine if the goals have been achieved involves two components: Observation of client’s changes of behaviors and responses; Judgment about how well these changes meet the expected outcomes by comparing the changes and the expected outcomes. 12. 在评价的基础上，重审护理计划，对健康问题重新估计后，可停止、继续、取消或修订护理计划。 Revisions of care plan are based on the reassessment of the client. The plan will be stopped, continued, cancelled or modified after reassessment. 【A1型题】 1 ．护理程序的核心理论基础是（ ）