构词法-课件（PPT演示）.ppt

Veronica 构词法 Names in some interesting words long johns 秋裤 black smith 铁匠 plain jane 长相不起眼的女人 cheap jack 市场卖劣质货的小贩 a cup of joe 一杯咖啡 tomfool 大笨蛋 主要的构词法转化：即由一个词类变成另一个词类 v.→n. water 水（n.) → water 浇水(v.) 大量动词转化为名词，意思没有太大变化 Let me have a try/look. Can I have a read of your paper? We stopped there for a swim. She had a cry about the sad news. Lets take a break. You could make a guess at it. She gave a long sigh（叹气）. 转化 有些动词转化为名词时意思有些变化 They have the same build. 身材 It was a clever move. 一招聪明的棋 The father has the final say. 发言权 Our team has a lead of two goals.领先 She passed her test at the first go. 一下子 转化 n. → v. 许多表示物件的名词转化为动词后意思发生改变 She had booked 3 seats on the plane.; The man seated us in the front row. The expedition will map the South Pole. 绘制地图 The policeman bagged the thief. 抓住 How can you pocket her? 忍受 转化 表示身体某部分的名词也可用作动词 His name headed the list. 在首 He handed the glass of beer to Grandpa. 递 Many of his friends backed his plan. 支持 The boy shouldered the basket of fruit. 肩上扛着 He asked us not to finger the tomatoes. 摸 A policeman eyed him suspiciously. 看着 I cant stomach such behavior. 忍受 转化 表示一类人的名词也可用作动词 Dont fool about and do something useful. 胡搅蛮缠 He is paid by the police to spy on other students. 监视 He doctored the information on his passport. 篡改 He fathered many inventions. 发明 She mothered two children. 生育 Its hard to pilot a boat in rough water. 领航 转化 实物名词也可用作动词 The library houses many books. 藏书 He is rooming with my friend. 住 Cherry trees flower in the early spring. 开花 I was so hungry that I wolfed down my meal. 狼吞虎咽 Dont monkey with the machinery. 瞎摆弄 She oiled herself with suntan lotion. 擦油 转化中语音的变化（部分） 派生—通过加前缀和后缀构成另一个词 happy → unhappy（加后缀） happiness（加后缀） 派生 — 构成名词的后缀 派生—构成形容词的后缀 派生—构成动词的后缀 有些前缀可用来构成反义词 合成—由两个词或更多词构成一个词 wood + cut = woodcut 木刻 happy+ go + lucky= happy-go-lucky 无忧无虑 n.+n.=n. can opener 开瓶器 book