Facilities基础设施.ppt

Facilities Beni AsllaniUniversity of Tennessee at Chattanooga Lecture Outline Basic Layouts Designing Process Layouts Designing Service Layouts Designing Product Layouts Hybrid Layouts Facility Layout Minimize material-handling costs Utilize space efficiently Utilize labor efficiently Eliminate bottlenecks Facilitate communication and interaction Reduce manufacturing cycle time Reduce customer service time Eliminate wasted or redundant movement Increase capacity Facilitate entry, exit, and placement of material, products, and people Incorporate safety and security measures Promote product and service quality Encourage proper maintenance activities Provide a visual control of activities Provide flexibility to adapt to changing conditions BASIC LAYOUTS Process layouts group similar activities together according to process or function they perform Product layouts arrange activities in line according to sequence of operations for a particular product or service Fixed-position layouts are used for projects in which product cannot be moved Process Layout in Services Manufacturing Process Layout A Product Layout Description Type of process Product Demand Volume Equipment Workers Inventory Storage space Material handling Aisles Scheduling Layout decision Goal Advantage Fixed-Position Layouts Typical of projects Equipment, workers, materials, other resources brought to the site Highly skilled labor Often low fixed Typically high variable costs Designing Process Layouts Goal: minimize material handling costs Block Diagramming minimize nonadjacent loads use when quantitative data is available Relationship Diagramming based on location preference between areas use when quantitative data is not available Block Diagramming Unit load quantity in which material is normally moved Nonadjacent load distance farther than the next block STEPS create load summary chart calculate composite (two way) movements develop trial layouts minimizing number of nonadjacent loads