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2011 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and
mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as a bodily exercise precious
to health. But 1 some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence
on physical fitness.
Laughter does 2 short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood
vessels, 3 heart rate and oxygen consumption. But because hard laughter is difficult
to 4, a good laugh is unlikely to have 5 benefits the way, say, walking or jogging
does.
6, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently
accomplishes the 7. Studies dating back to the 1930s indicate that laughter 8
muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.
Such bodily reaction might conceivably help 9 the effects of psychological stress.
Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of 10 feedback that
improve an individual ’s emotional state. 11 one classical theory of emotion, our
feelings are partially rooted 12 physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the
19th century that humans do not cry 13 they are sad but they become sad when the
tears begin to flow.
Although sadness also 14 tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow 15
muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988, social psychologist Fritz
Strack of the University of Würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to 16 a pen
either with their teeth – thereby creating an artificial
smile –or with their lips, which would produce a(n) 17 expression. Those forced
to exercise their smiling muscles 18 more enthusiastically to funny cartoons than
did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, 19 that expressio
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