高考英语阅读理解词义、句义猜测题应试技巧.docVIP

高考英语阅读理解词义、句义猜测题应试技巧 　　高考阅读理解中，经常出现一定量的生词，并且每年总有二至四题直接考查词义、句义猜测。这充分体现了《教学大纲》和《考试说明》的要求，意在考查考生根据上下文推测生词短语含义的能力，突出考查语境的分析和把握能力。猜词能力不仅涉及到学生的语言知识水平，还涉及到学生的语言应用能力和综合素质水平。 　　在阅读理解中，猜测词义、句义题的特点是对生词、短语、指示代词和句子的猜测。 　　一、常用设问形式： 　　1.The underlined word...refers to(means) ____. 　　2.Which of the following words can take the place of the word...? 　　3.What is the meaning of...as the words are used in the text? 　　4.Which of the following has the closest meaning to...(paragraph...)? 　　二、应试技巧 　　(一)词义猜测题 　　1.同义法：通常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，这些词或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且and或or连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的,由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推知它的大致词义。 　　例①(NMET2003,C篇,65) 　　Fermats Last Theorem(定理). First put forward by the French mathematician Pierrede Fermat in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique. 　　65.Which of the following best explains the meaning of the wordbaffleas it is used in the text? 　　A.To encourage people to raise questions. 　　B.To cause difficulty in understanding. 　　C.To providea person with an explanation. 　　D.To limit peoples imagination. 　　解析:由句中不难看出Fermat的定理使得最具数学头脑的科学家绞尽脑汁(beat)，并且在句中beaten和baffled处于同等并列关系，据此推断出baffle为使困惑、难倒、难以理解的意思。故答案为B。 　　2.反义法：利用反义词说明生词的意义。如反义词hot and cold, give and receive, perfect and imperfect,甚至前、后句为肯定与否定、或是与不是等，在句内词与词之间，在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。 　　例②(NMET2002,E篇,74) 　　A childs birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months. 　　74.What does the under lined word hassleprobably mean? 　　A.a party designed by specialists 　　B.a plan requiring careful thought 　　C.a situation causing difficulty or trouble 　　D.a demand made by guests 　　解析:由前句的否定doesnt与后句的肯定can be这一对比关系，可以推断出,为了庆祝孩子的生日,又不至于麻烦,可以买一个生日开心包。hassle的意思应该与fun相反,而与difficulty, trouble等相近。故答案为C。