three rhetorical appeals(三种修辞手法).ppt

English Rhetoric and Writing The Rhetorical Triangle The Rhetorical Appeals The rhetorical triangle Writer (or speaker) Context Reader (or audience) The Writer (speaker, painter, blogger, photographer …) Who you are; Why you are competent to speak on the issue; and Where your authority comes from. ?The Reader (the people that the rhetor addresses) What emotion do you want to evoke? Fear, trust, loyalty...? Do you have shared values you want to draw on? How do your audience’s beliefs fit with your message? The Context (the content and the circumstances of communication) Have I presented a logical, well-constructed argument? How do I support my claims? What evidence do I have? What are the counterarguments? Example: Consider an everyday problem of persuading others: you want someone to close a window. e.g. Could I impose by asking you to close that window? If you’re not too busy and wouldn’t mind doing me a favor, I’d sure like to have that window closed. Please shut the window. Hey, buddy, shut that window. Shut the windows right now. Must you always leave the window open like that? You’d better shut that window. If you don’t shut that window right now, I’ll never speak to you again. 9). I hope you won’t mind shutting the window. 10). I know you’re busy, but could you possibly take the time to shut that window? 11). Shut that window. 12). From now on, I expect that window to be kept closed. 13). That window needs to be shut, doesn’t it? 14). You’ve been leaving the window open a little too much, don’t you think? 15). “It’s quite cold in here, Jeeves.” “I’ll shut the windows, madam.” Summarize: The best way to say “Shut the window” depends on context – on who your listener is, what your relationship with the listener is, where you are, how you want to present yourself. Rhetoric is choice in a context. The three points on the Rhetorical Triangle relate directly to the