课件：染料工人的发病率较高致癌物质--乙萘胺解读.ppt

7.Treatment： radiation： 浸润 radiation cystitis chemotherapy： 全身：顺钯、卡钯、阿霉素、 丝裂霉素 局部：塞替哌(thiotepa) 丝裂霉素(mitomycin) 阿霉素（doxorubicin) 7.Treatment： Biologic therapy： Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) 不良反应(side-reaction)： 膀胱炎(cystitis ) 血尿(hematuria) 皮疹(tetter) 膀胱痉孪(bladder spasm) 干扰素(interferon) 白介素-2（Interleukin-2) 8.Follow up Superficial tumor initial resection tumor free recurrent 2 years-------43% 5 years-------22% Bladder washing Cystoscopic examination Neoplasms of the Testis 1. etiology Incidence---3.7 per 100,000 (USA 1971) 隐睾(cryptorchidism) 5-10% 遗传(genetic factors) 2-3% 损伤(trauma) 萎缩(atrophy) 2.pathogeny 原发(Primary neoplasms)： 生殖细胞肿瘤(germinal neoplasms) 精原细胞瘤(seminoma) 胚胎瘤(embryonal carcinoma) 畸胎瘤(teratoma) 绒毛膜上皮瘤(choriocarcinoma) 非生殖细胞肿瘤(nongerminal neoplasms) 性腺基质肿瘤(gonadal stromal neoplasms) 继发(Secondary)： 恶性淋巴瘤(metastases) 3. Clinical Manifestations A nodule or painless swelling or harden of one gonad In approximately 10% of patients,acute pain is the presenting symptom In approximately 10% of patients,metastases symptom is the present 4.Diagnosis： History Physical examination Lab examination ultrasonography 瘤标(tumor markers)： α-FP (+) 胚胎瘤 hCG (+) 精原细胞瘤 绒毛膜上皮癌 5.Treatment Surgery (early radical orchiectomy 睾丸根治切除术） Seminoma（精原细胞瘤） radical orchiectomy+radiation therapy。 embryonal carcinoma(胚胎癌) radical orchiectomy +retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy(腹膜后淋巴结清扫术) Choriocarcin