论清代国家法律制度法律.docx

论清代国家法律制度法律论文 摘要 清政权是带有准国家性质的地方政权，受传统“中国 观念”的制约，建构政权统治的合法性是维护政权存在与 稳定的首要任务。在努尔哈赤时代，一度通过强化满洲民 族认同来塑造对后金政权的认同，构建统治的合法性，形 成了许多法律政策，加强了政权统治基础。努尔哈赤作为 后金国的奠基人，在政权建设的问题上注意吸收汉文化，开 创了 “清因明制”的先河，但他对汉文化的认识尚属肤浅, 所推行文化政策重在保存满族习俗，对汉文化的吸收极其有 限，而且他对汉民族猜忌重重，以致在晚年对其辖区的汉民 采取“逐杀”政策。尽管如此,其吸收汉人法律思想的积极 一面深刻地影响了皇太极执政,并为清朝入关后法律制度奠 定了重要的基础。 关键词：后金 努尔哈赤 法律思想 汉文 化 儒学 AB STRACT ea rlyqingreg imeiswith thenature oftheregim emustcount rieswhere, thetraditi onal^China concept restrietio n, construe tthelegiti macyofther egimeistom aintainthe existenc eandstabil ityofthere gimepriority. Intheer aofnuerhac hi, onceb ystrengthe ningtheeth nicidentit yofmanchuriatoshapet heryugyong therecog nitionofth eregime, th econstruct ionoftherulinglegiti macy, forme dmanyleg alpolicy, s trengthenthebasicpoliticaldomi nation. Nue rhachi, ast hefounde roftheJinG uoafter, inpoliticalpowerconstr uctiononth equestiono fabsorbe dattention hanculture/zclearteac hingsinthe first,b utheknewof hanculturewhichisshallow, pushe dbycultura lpolicyi ssavethema nchucustom ,theabsorptionofhancultureisex tremelylim ited,and hewassuspi existenc eandstabil ityofthere gimepriori ty. Intheer aofnuerhac hi, once b ystrengthe ningtheeth nicidentit yofmanchur iatoshapet heryugyong the recog nitionofth eregime, th econstruct ionoftheru linglegiti macy, forme d manyleg alpolicy, s trengthent hebasicpol iticaldomi nation. Nue rhachi, ast he founde roftheJinG uoafter, in politicalp owerconstr uctiononth equestiono f absorbe dattention hanculture /zclearteac hingsinthe first,b utheknewof hanculture whichissha llow, pushe dbycultura lpolicy i ssavethema nchucustom ,theabsorp tionofhanc ultureisex tremelylim ited, and hewassuspi ciousofeth nichanChin ese, sothat inlaterlif eofits ju risdictiontoefficienciestoadop ju risdiction toefficien ciestoadop ng〃policy? Still, it absorbsthepositivesideofthehanculturepro it absorbsthe positivesi deofthehan culturepro foundlyinf luencetheh uang tai j iruling, an dafterente ringtheleg alsystemfo rtheqing