that引导的宾语从句.ppt

* 宾语从句 什么是宾语从句？ 试比较： We know him． We know he likes English. 主s 主s 谓v 谓v 宾o 宾o 宾语从句就是用一个句子来充当宾语 。 主s 谓v 宾o 简单句 复合句 宾语从句分为三类： (1) that引导的宾语从句 I hope (that) it will snow this winter. (2) whether/if引导的宾语从句 I’m not sure if he will come. (3) 疑问词引导的宾语从句 I want to know what he will do next. 例如： I hope (that) it will snow this winter. Betty thinks (that) trees can improve the air. I know (that) he is friendly. 注：that没有任何词汇含义，只有语法功能，目的是使读者清楚后面的句子是宾语从句。多数情况下that可以省略。 当谓语动词表示肯定的概念，如“希望、相信、知道、说”时，(如： say, think, believe, expect, hope, wish，know， see, feel, remember, forget等）其后面的句子一般用that引导。 （一）引导词 (二) 语序 宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。 例如： ?I?hear?(that)?physics?isn’t?easy.? ?I?think?(that)?you?will?like?this?school?soon.? (三) 时态 当主句是一般现在时时，宾语从句可根据实际情况而使用不同的时态。 2.当主句的谓语动词是过去时态时,宾语从句通常也要用过去的某种时态。（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时） I hear (that) Jim went to work an hour ago. he is interested in English. she will come tomorrow . Tom has been to London twice . He will go to Hong Kong . He is sick. He is reading a book . He has finished his work. He said（that） he had finished his work. he would go to Hong Kong . he was sick. he was reading a book . 3.当宾语从句表示的是客观事实、真理、自然现象、名言警句等时，宾语从句的时态不受主句时态的限制，仍用一般现在时。 He told me the earth around the sun. （move） moves Summer is after Spring . He told me (that) the sun rises in the east. The teacher told us (that) 宾语从句三要素 引导词 that(陈述句) if／whether(一般疑问句) 特殊疑问词(特殊疑问句) 时态 主句为一般现在时从句可为任何时态 主句为一般过去时 从句 一般过去时 过去将来时 过去进行时 过去完成时 语序 宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序 客观真理时态不变 否定转移 当宾语从句表示否定意义时，且主句主语为第一人称且谓语动词是think /believe /suppose /imagine等时，一般将否定词not转移到主句的谓语中,这就叫做“否定转移”。 误：I think he won’t come. 我认为他不会来。 正：I don’t think he will come. 注意：上述情况变成反意义疑问句时，附加问句要看从句，如果主句的主语不是第一人称，则附加问句要看主句。试比较： I think he is wrong, isn’t he? He thinks he is wrong, don’t he？ Complete the sentences. （1）Sally said, “It’s very quiet!” Sally said ___________________. （2）Sally said, “No one is shouting.” Sally said __________________________. （3）Lingling said, “The air is very clear today.” Ling