Kaufman-Beghetto-2009-Beyond-big-and-little-The-four-c-model-of-creativity英文电子资料.pdf

Review of General Psychology © 2009 American Psychological Association 2009, Vol. 13, No. 1, 1–12 1089-2680/09/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/a0013688 Beyond Big and Little: The Four C Model of Creativity James C. Kaufman Ronald A. Beghetto California State University at San Bernardino University of Oregon Most investigations of creativity tend to take one of two directions: everyday creativity (also called “little-c”), which can be found in nearly all people, and eminent creativity (also called “Big-C”), which is reserved for the great. In this paper, the authors propose a Four C model of creativity that expands this dichotomy. Specifically, the authors add the idea of “mini-c,” creativity inherent in the learning process, and Pro-c, the developmental and effortful progression beyond little-c that represents professional-level expertise in any creative area. The authors include different transitions and gradations of these four dimensions of creativity, and then discuss advantages and examples of the Four C Model. Keywords: creativity, everyday creativity, genius, creative development Two separate events helped bring creativity to the forefront of ignored or answered in too many different ways. For example, psychology and the United States. One event took place at the P