蒸汽灭菌的常见错误.docVIP

蒸汽灭菌的常见错误 Most mistakes regarding the programming and operation of typical steam sterilizers are related to the basic principles of steam sterilization.常见蒸汽灭菌柜的大多数程序和操作错误都与蒸汽灭菌的基本原理有关。 1. Containers with closed valves, empty glass bottles with tightened screw caps or secured aluminum foil are placed in the sterilizer.灭菌柜中放入关闭阀门的容器、旋紧瓶盖或紧扣铝盖的空玻璃瓶。 As a result, steam cannot directly contact the inside surfaces and sterilization does not occur. This problem can be resolved by assuring that all items in the sterilizer have a way for the steam to get in and the air to get out. If there is uncertainty about whether an item’s configuration, set-up, packaging, or orientation will allow adequate steam penetration, a thermocouple, chemical and/or biological indicator can be placed inside the item to be certain.这样， 蒸汽就不能直接接触到内表面，不能进行灭菌。 这一问题可通过确保灭菌柜中的物品有蒸汽进入和空气排出的通道来解决。 如果不确定物品的配置、设置、包装或方位是否允许充分的蒸汽穿透，那么可以通过在物品内部放置热电偶、化学和/或生物指示剂来确定。 2. Pouched and/or heavily wrapped items are tightly packed in the chamber.袋装和/或严密包裹的物品紧实地装载在腔室内。 As a result, air may remain trapped in the items after the preconditioning phase and prevent sterilization. Items should not be overwrapped, and sufficient space should be maintained between load items. The preconditioning vacuum and pressure pulses must be set correctly to attain complete air removal from the load. Typically, four (or more) preconditioning vacuum pulses should be programmed to reach at least 28 in (711 mm) Hg vacuum ((1.0 psia or 6.9 kPa (absolute)) to assure sufficient air removal for worst case loads. Some very dense loads may require a short (2 to 5 min) hold phase at peak preconditioning vacuum to allow time for trapped air to be removed. Preconditioning pressure pulses should be programmed for 3 to 5 psig ((21 to 34.5 kPa (gauge)). Higher pressures set for prevacuum pressure pulses can result in an excessive amount of superheat and difficulties with temperature stabilization during the first few minutes of the exposure phase.这样