乌克兰贸易政策审议秘书处报告概要-中英文对照.docxVIP

SUMMARY概述 Ukraine is one of the largest and most populous countries in Europe, endowed with some of the worlds most fertile soils which help make it an important agricultural producer and a major exporter of agricultural commodities, particularly grains and oilseeds. Ukraine also manufactures a broad range of industrial goods, mostly a legacy of its industrialization during the time of the Soviet Union. Industrial output has been shifting gradually from heavy to light industries and food processing, while Ukraine has maintained its significant aviation and aerospace sectors. Services sectors have expanded rapidly since the abandonment of central planning following independence in 1991. 乌克兰是欧洲最大、人口最多的国家，拥有世界上最为肥沃的土壤，这使其成为重要的农业产区和主要的农产品（尤其是谷物和油菜籽）出口国。乌克兰还生产各种工业产品，这些工业产品大多是从苏联时期的工业化进程中遗留下来的。在坚持发展其重要的航空航天领域的同时，乌克兰已逐渐将其工业产出类型从重工业转向轻工业和食品加工业。自乌克兰1991年独立并随之废除中央计划经济以来，其服务业得以迅速壮大。 Ukraine was hit exceptionally hard by the global financial crisis that started in 2008. A strong economic rebound in 2010-11 was subsequently dampened by political instability, developments in the Crimea and then followed by a severe economic contraction with the outbreak of conflict in Eastern Ukraine. Real GDP contracted by nearly 7% in 2014 and another 16% in 2015. The conflict and the withdrawal of capital from certain foreign investors reduced foreign direct investment, which fell from more than US$8 billion in 2012 to US$410?million in 2014. The repercussions on remittances from Ukrainians living abroad has been less pronounced though noticeable. Depleting reserves of foreign exchange and steady downward pressure on the value of the national currency (the hryvnia) led to a series of measures, including exchange rate liberalization, in early 2015. At that point, Ukraines international reserves covered less than one month of import requirements. Measured in US?dollars, current GDP per capita in 2015 was less than US$1,000, one quarter of the level in 2013. Nonetheless, some signs of stabiliza