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第15章: Q1:总需求曲线的数学模型推导(由IS-LM模型推出显式解)? Q2:总需求曲线的图示推导? Q3:利用生产函数图和劳动力市场均衡图推导常规总供给曲线? Q4:说明常规总供给曲线与P462常规总供给曲线的证明。 Q5: 画图说明两种总供给曲线的极端情况。 Q6:画图(总需求-总供给曲线的移动)说明宏观经济中的衰退,通货膨胀和滞涨的三种经济状态以及解决经济问题的经济政策分析(需包含课本短期情况以及课件长期情况) 就长期而论,除了厂房、设备等不变生产要素以外,宏观经济学的长期在很大程度上还波及人口、技术水平等因素的变化。微观经济学虽然也假设大开绿灯 既定的,但由于它考察的对象主要是个体的行为,所以它着重研究作为不变生产要素的资本存量的改变所导致的后果。宏观经济学的长期所意味的时间要长于微观经济学的长期。 就短期而论,宏观经济学的总供给曲线波及的因素主要为货币工资和价格水平的调整所需要的时间长短,在一般情况下,调整的时间则被认为是介于很长和很短之间。 * In the following chapter, it will be more clear why money supply growth shifts the AD curve rightward. * Economists debate which of these theories is correct. It’s possible that each of them contains some element of truth. For our purposes here, the similarities between these theories are more important than their differences: all three imply that output deviates from its long-run level (the “natural rate of output”) when the price level (P) deviates from the level people had expected (PE). * Each of these theories provides a reason why the aggregate supply curve might have a positive slope in the short run. It would be most helpful if students carefully read this section of the chapter! * Of the three theories, this one seems the least plausible. Firms certainly have a strong incentive to not mistake a general price increase for a relative price increase. And information about the price level is costless and available with only a short lag (especially the CPI, which is published monthly and very widely reported the moment it comes out). My remarks here are not officially part of the textbook, so they are not supported in the study guide or test bank. Feel free to ignore them. * Economists debate which of these theories is correct. It’s possible that each of them contains some element of truth. For our purposes here, the similarities between these theories are more important than their differences: all three imply that output deviates from its long-run level (the “natural rate of output”) when the price l
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