《计算机科学基础》计算机导论答案第一章.ppt

1.6 History Birth of Electronic Computers(1930-1950) 1 、The first special-purpose computer is ABC(Atanasoff Berry Computer). 2、1930, under the direction of Howard Aliken to build a huge computer named Mark I. 3、Alan Turing invented a computer called Colossus(巨人) that was designed to break the German Enigma code. 1.6 History Birth of Electronic Computers(1930-1950) 4、 1946，ENIAC（The Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer）,the first general-purpose,totally electronic computer. 1.6 History Birth of Electronic Computers(1930-1950) The first computer based on Von Neumann’s idea was made in 1950 and was called EDVAC. 1.6 History Computer generations(1950-present) 1、First generation(1950-1959) vacuum tube(真空管) 2、 Second generation(1959-1965) transistor(晶体管) 3、 Third generation(1965-1975) Integrated circuit(IC，集成电路) 4、 Fourth generation(1975-1985) the appearance of Microcomputer 5、 Fifth generation(1985- ) Part I Computer and Data Chapter 1 Introduction Understand the concept of a black box, a data processor, and a programmable data processor. Define the von Neumann model and name its components: memory, arithmetic/logic unit, control unit, and input/output. Understand the stored program concept. After reading this chapter, the reader should be able to: OBJECTIVES Understand the sequential execution of statements in a program. Name the components of a computer: hardware, software, and data. 1.1 The Computer as a Black Box 1.2 Von Neumann Model 1.3 Computer hardware Contents 1.4 Data 1.5 Computer software 1.6 History THE COMPUTER AS A BLOCK BOX 1.1 1.1 The computer as a black box Computer Science: issues related to the computer. If you are not concerned with the internal mechanisms of a computer, you can simply define it as a block box(黑盒). We provide two common computer models. Figure 1-1 Data processor model This model is too general. Another problem with this mo