国际海运温室气体减排基本原则的冲突与协调基于UNFCCC与IMO的比较100.docVIP

国际海运温室气体减排基本原则的冲突与协调 ——基于UNFCCC与IMO的比较 袁雪 ? ?基金项目：中央高校基本科研业务费项目（HEUC的阶段性成果。 作者简介：袁雪，女，哈尔滨工程大学人文学院法律系副教授，硕士生导师。主要研究领域：国际法、海商法。 （哈尔滨工程大学人文学院，黑龙江哈尔滨，150001） 摘要：国际海运温室气体排放是导致气候变化的来源之一，需要国际社会的联合行动予以规制。“共同但有区别的责任和各自能力”原则是《联合国气候变化框架公约》（UNFCCC）框架下应对气候变化的国际环境法基本原则，但是，国际海事组织（IMO）却采用了与之相冲突的非歧视原则和不给予更优惠待遇原则，通过EEDI和SEEMP两个强制性船舶能效标准来调整国际海运温室气体排放问题。这两个原则在许多方面存在着明显的冲突，不利于当前国际海运温室气体排放的规制。为协调二者冲突，IMO已经在技术合作和技术转让、设置宽限期等方面做了一些努力。IMO应当尊重自身建立的减排机制，尽量综合考虑这两个基本原则，寻找一个折中的减排路径。应当引入基于市场的机制，通过建立国际海运排放交易机制、征收国际海运燃油税、设立国际海运温室气体排放基金等方式进行海运减排；同时通过《京都议定书》确立的清洁发展机制实现发达国家和发展中国家联合减排的目标。 关键词：国际海运温室气体排放；气候变化；“共同但有区别的责任和各自能力”原则；非歧视原则和不给予更优惠待遇原则；冲突；协调 Conflict and Reconsilition between the Principles of International Shipping GHG Emissions Based on the Comparison between the UNFCCC and the IMO Abatract: International shipping GHG emissions is one of the sources of resulting to the climate change and it needs the regulation from international community’s united activity. The principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities has been a basic principle of international environmental law to mitigate climate change under UNFCCC. Howerer, IMO has applied the non-discrimination and no more favourable treatment principles which are conflict with CBDR-RC principle, and regulated international shipping GHG emissions through two mandatory ship energy efficiency standards EEDI and SEEMP. These two principles are conflict each other in many aspects and it is not beneficial for the regulation on the international shipping GHG emissions. To reconcile the conflict, IMO has beeing taken some measures such as promoting the cooperation and tranfer of technology and setting a delay period. IMO should respect the emission reduction mechanism it has been established itself, try to take into full consideration the two principles and seek for a neutral emission reduction route. IMO should use the market-based measures to regulate international shipping GHG emissions under the guide of