生物与制药工程专业英语第二三五单元翻译.doc

Biologists?and?chemists?divide?compounds?into?two?principal?classes,?inorganic?and?organic.?Inorganic?compounds?are?defined?as?molecules,?usually?small,?that?typically?lack?carbon?and?in?which?ionic?bonds?may?play?an?important?role.?Inorganic?compounds?include?water,?oxygen,?carbon?dioxide,?and?many?salts,?acids,?and?bases.?? 生物学家和化学家分裂成两个主要种类化合物、无机和有机。无机化合物被定义为分子,通常小,通常缺乏的碳离子束缚,那么它就能起到重要的作用。无机化合物包括水、氧气、二氧化碳和许多盐、酸、和根据地。?? ?All?living?organisms?require?a?wide?variety?of?inorganic?compounds?for?growth,?repair,?maintenance,?and?reproduction.?Water?is?one?of?the?most?important,?as?well?as?one?of?the?rmost?abundant,?of?these?compounds,?and?it?is?particularly?vital?to?microorganisms.?Outside?the?cell,?nutrients?are?dissolved?in?water,?which?facilitates?their?passage?through?cell?membranes.?And?inside?the?cell?,?water?is?the?medium?for?most?chemical?reactions.?In?fact,?water?is?by?far?the?most?abundant?component?of?almost?all?living?cells.?Water?makes?up?5%?to?95%?or?more?of?each?cell,?the?average?being?between?65%?and?75%.?Simply?stated,?no?organism?can?survive?without?water?所有生物体需要多种无机化合物的增长、维修、维护、和繁衍。水是其中一个最重要的、也是最丰富的,这类化合物,这是特别至关重要,微生物。细胞外,营养溶解在水中,有利于他们通过细胞膜。和进入细胞,水介质对大多数化学反应。事实上,水是迄今为止最丰富的组件几乎所有的活细胞。水产生的5%?~?95%或更多的每一个细胞,平均在65%和75%之间。简单的说,没有生物能生还,没有水。?? Water?has?structural?and?chemical?properties?that?make?it?particularly?suitable?for?its?role?in?living?cells.?As?we?discussed,?the?total?charge?on?the?water?molecule?is?neutral,?but?the?Oxygen?region?of?the?molecule?has?a?slightly?negative?charge?and?the?hydrogen?region?has?a?slightly?positive?charge.?Any?molecule?having?such?an?unequal?distribution?of?charges?is?called?a?polar?molecule.?The?polar?nature?of?water?gives?it?four?characteristics?that?make?it?a??useful?medium?for?living?cells? 水具有的结构和化学特性使得其尤为适合在活细胞中发挥作用。像我们讨论过的一样,总金额在水分子是中立的,但氧区域的分子都有稍微否定的电荷和氢地区稍微正电荷。有这样一个任何分子分配不均等的指控被称为一个极性分子。极地自然的水给它有四个特点,使它成为一个有用的活细胞中。? First,?every?water?molecule?is?capable?of?forming?four?hydrogen?bonds?with?nearby?water?molecules.?