项目管理PMP知识体系讲解2-Environment.pptVIP

Project Management Environment Chapter 2 Objectives To be able to describe: Project life cycle Characteristics of the project phases Key project stakeholders Organizational and socioeconomic influences on the project Key management skills used in managing a project Project Life Cycle Defines the beginning and end of the project Divides the project into phases that provide better management control and the appropriate links to the ongoing operations of the organization Phase Characteristics Characteristics of Life Cycle Defines the beginning and end of the project Deliverables usually approved before work starts on the next phase Sometimes a subsequent phase is begun prior to approval of the previous phase. This is called fast tracking. Defines technical work and implementers Characteristics of Life Cycle (cont.) Cost and staffing levels are low at the start, higher towards the end, and drop as project closes Probability of project success is low at the start of the project and gets progressively higher as the project continues Cost of changes and of error correction generally increases as the project continues Phases and Resources Usage Concept 5% Development 20% Implement 60% Close Out 15% Project Stakeholders Individuals and organizations who are actively involved in the project and whose interests may be positively or negatively affected by the project success or failure Organizational Influences Organizational systems Project-based Derive income by performing projects for others Treat on-going operations as projects (management by projects) Non-Project-based No project-oriented systems in place to support project needs efficiently and effectively Organizational Cultures Styles Shared values, norms, beliefs, and expectations Reflected in policies and procedures, view of authority relationships, etc. Directly influences the project Organizational Structure Functional organization – Hierarchy where each employee has one clear superior Projectized org