solidwaste pollution and treatment内容资料.ppt

Solid Waste and Environmental Problem;New words; ;Chapter1: Introduction to Solid Waste;;2.Categories of Solid Waste 固体废物的分类 Solid waste can be divided into several categories. According to: (1)chemic ingredient(成分): organic and inorganic waste; (2)harm for environment and human health: ordinary and hazardous waste; (3) Sources : industrial solid waste, municipality(市政) household garbage , radioactive, agricultural and mining waste. ;2.1 Industrial Solid Waste Industrial solid waste means solid waste discharged from production activities of industries, transportation, etc. 工业固体废物，是指在工业、交通等生产活动中产生的固体废物。 ;2.2 Municipality household garbage (MSW) more commonly known as trash or garbage—consists of everyday items such as product packaging, furniture, clothing, bottles, food scraps, newspapers, appliances, and batteries. ;2.3 Agricultural solid waste It is also known as agricultural waste, mainly manure(粪便） and straw-type plants（植物秸秆）. Agricultural waste is second most common form of waste . Most agricultural waste can be used as fertilizer or for other soil-enhancement activities. ;2.4 Hazardous Solid Waste Hazardous waste ,the broader term, commonly refers to all dangerous materials ,including toxic ones, that present an immediate or long-term human health risk or environmental risk. The definition of hazardous waste is that they cause or significantly contribute to an increase in mortality（死亡率）or an increase in serious illness; Hazardous Solid Waste In 2002, 10,001,600 tons hazardous waste was generated. Among which, 115,300 tons were radioactive waste. ;3. Damage of Solid Waste in Environment 3.1 Occupying and polluting land 侵占和污染土地 Large areas of land are currently used in China for the uncontrolled disposal of solid waste. Estimates indicate that in recent year, a total of 5.9 billion tones of industrial waste ,occupying 540 million cubic，have been improperly stored or discarded. ;3. Damage of Solid Waste in Environment 3.2 Polluting Water污染水体 Waste