固定化脂肪酶催化樟树籽仁油和大豆油制备中长碳链结构脂质-化学工程专业论文.docxVIP

摘 摘 要 万方数据 万方数据 摘 要 结构脂质是指将天然脂质的脂肪酸组成或位置分布进行重构而具有特定生 物作用的一类脂质。本文采用 GC 和 UPLC-ELSD 测定分析了樟树籽仁油及大豆 油中脂肪酸组成和甘油三酯组成，以樟树籽仁油和大豆油为原料，选择催化性 能较好的固定化脂肪酶 Lipozyme RM IM 为催化剂，通过单因素实验和正交试验 研究中长碳链结构脂质的制备工艺，并测定分析产物中脂肪酸组成、甘油三酯 组成和理化性质。研究结果如下： （1）樟树籽仁油主要以癸酸、月桂酸等中碳链饱和脂肪酸为主，其中癸酸 含量为 51.49%，月桂酸含量为 40.08%，辛酸含量为 2.57%。大豆油以亚油酸、 油酸、亚麻酸等长碳链不饱和脂肪酸为主，其中人体必需脂肪酸—亚油酸和亚 麻酸含量分别为 59.50%、6.93%，油酸含量为 24.09%。 （2）采用单因素实验法考察底物摩尔比值、加酶量、加水量、反应温度和 反应时间对酯交换反应的影响，在此基础上，通过设计正交试验优化中长碳链 结构脂质的合成工艺。最佳工艺条件如下：底物摩尔比值为 1、加酶量为 10%、 加水量为 10%、反应温度为 45℃、反应时间为 20h。在此条件下，中长碳链结 构脂质的平均含量为 55.1%。在酯交换反应后，合成 ECN 为 36 和 ECN 为 38 的 中长碳链结构脂质。 （3）在特异性脂肪酶 Lipozyme RM IM 催化樟树籽仁油和大豆油酯交换制 备结构脂质的过程中存在酰基转移。 （4）酯交换产物的理化性质指标为：过氧化值为 1.3852 mmol/Kg，皂化值 为 220.67mgKOH/Kg，碘价为 20.15 gI/100g，酸价为 0.2mgKOH/g，熔点为 9±1℃。 关键词：樟树籽仁油；大豆油；特异性固定化脂肪酶；中长碳链结构脂质； 酯-酯交换 I AB ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Structured lipids is a kind of lipid that reconstructs the composition and location of the fatty acid on natural lipid, and has specific physiological function. GC and UPLC-ELSD were used to determine fatty acid composition and triglyceride composition of camphor tree seed oil and soybean oil; Through single factor and orthogonal experiments, the synthesis process of medium-and long-chain structured lipids was studied by camphor tree seed oil and soybean oil in the present of 1， specific immobilized lipases (Lipozyme RM IM) whose catalytic was better. Fatty acid composition, triglyceride composition and physicochemical properties of the product were also studied. Camphor tree seed oil was main medium-chain saturated fatty acids, while capric acid, lauric acid and caprylic acid content was respectively 51.49%, 40.08% and 2.57%. Soybean oil was main long-chain unsaturated fatty acids while linoleic acid, linolenic acid that were essential fatty acid account respectively 59.50%, 6.93%, and oleic acid content was 24.09%. Single factor experiment was used to study substrate molar ratio, enzyme load, add water, reaction temperature and reaction time on transesterification. On th