海明威《丧钟为谁而鸣》的生态女性主义解读-外国语言文学；英语语言文学专业论文.docxVIP

Ac Acknowledgements I I Acknowledgements I’m really very grateful to those who have helped me a lot for years. Firstly, I would like to acknowledge the guidance and help of my supervisor, Prof. Chen Aimin, who has provided me with valuable advice and assistance in my research. Without his constant instructions and assistance, completion of this paper in time would be impossible. Also, I would like to extend my gratitude to all the professors and teachers whose courses provided me with precious enlightenment. Secondly, I owe my sincere thanks to my beloved parents for their meticulous and loving consideration all through my life-living journey. Finally, I also feel deeply indebted to my good friends, Jiang Huiping and Gao Mingmin, for their consistent encouragement and advice. Cha Chapter One Introduction 1 1 Chapter One Introduction Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961) has long been recognized as one of the most distinguished and influential American writers in the 20th century. He has long been known for creating “masculinity” or Hemingway code heroes in his works abound with bullfighting, big-game hunting and fishing, sports and adventures that demonstrate male power. His nickname “Papa Hemingway” is synonymous with the stereotypical notion of masculinity. However, for critics, the women characters in his writings or as a writer his attitude toward women has always been a focus, and the most controversial topic as well. Some feminist critics accuse Hemingway of creating “passive ”, one-sided, flat female characters who are stereotyped as either castrators (destructive force) or angel (idealized women), either “bitches” or “helpmates” (Fiedler 1962; Fetterly 1978). They declare that Hemingway cannot portray women or that he is better at portraying men without women, even that he holds discrimination against or hatred towards women. However, rereading of his works, some other feminist critics find new evidence to prove that Hemingway’s attitude toward women is positive, tha