汉英请求言语行为对比研究-外国语言学与应用语言学专业论文.docxVIP

Classified Index: H 319.5 U.D.C.: 802.0 Graduation Thesis for the M. A. Degree A Contrastive Study of the Speech Act of Request in Chinese and English Candidate: Tong Xiuwen Supervisor: Prof. Jia Yuxin Academic Degree Applied for: Master of Arts Specialty: Foreign Linguistics and Applied Linguistics Affiliation: Dept. of Foreign Languages Date of Defence: July 5, 2007 Degree Conferring Institution : Harbin Institute of Technology HIT Graduation HIT Graduation Thesis for the MA Degree - - I - 摘要 请求言语行为一直是语用学和社会语言学研究的重要领域之一，国内外学 者在该领域的研究已取得丰硕的成果。但长期以来这一领域的研究都侧重于 探讨请求策略的特征，对于句法结构则很少涉及，而对于请求言语行为的反 应这一密不可分的部分，更是未曾涉足。本文通过问卷调查, 对以汉语为母语 的中国学生请求言语行为及其回应方式的特征进行整理分析，试图对英汉请 求言语行为在句法、语义、策略、影响因素和反应方略等方面做一个全面的 对比研究。 请求言语行为和礼貌原则密不可分。西方礼貌理论主要包括 Leech 的礼貌 原则与 Brown 和 Levinson 的面子理论，根据前人的研究成果，我们发现，礼 貌原则与面子理论中有些地方不适用于中国文化，诸如面子的内涵、面子的 内容、礼貌准则等。本文通过对英汉请求言语行为的对比研究，分析这些地 方如何不适合中国文化。 本文从文化的角度揭示了形成这些差异的原因，指出这些差异与中西两种 不同文化的价值观的差异有关，因为中国社会强调差序格局，而西方倡导平 等；中国是一个注重群体的社会，而西方社会则注重个体；与之相适应，中 国的圆式思维方式和西方的线型思维导致英汉语篇上呈现演绎式和归纳式的 区别。 最后，本文对当今的英语教学提了几点建议，希望能够引起广大英语教育 工作者的重视，提高英语学习者的交际能力，避免跨文化交际失误的发生。 关键词：请求言语行为；礼貌；文化；对比 - - II - Abstract Speech act of request has all the time been one of the most important research fields of pragmatics and sociolinguistics. Scholars at home and abroad have made great achievements in this research field. But till now, all the researches in this field tend to explain the characteristics of request strategies, mentioning little about the syntactic structure and ignoring the response which is an essential part of speech act of request. In this thesis, the author collects the questionnaires designed for the native Chinese students and analyzes the requests and responses they made, trying to cast a comprehensively contrastive study of requests in syntax, semantics, strategy, affecting factors, and responses. The speech act of request is closely related to politeness. Western politeness theories mainly include Leech’s Politeness Principles and Brown Levinson’s face theory.