海水液压阀阀口结垢实验研究-机械电子工程专业论文.docxVIP

华 华 中 科 技 大 学 硕 士 学 位 论 文 I I 摘 要 用海水或淡水作为工作介质的水液压传动技术已成为当今流体传动和控制领域研 究与应用的热点，然而高硬度的海水因为含有较多的钙镁离子而容易发生结垢。 本文针对某些海水液压阀阀口、节流口处的存在的结垢问题进行了研究。探讨了阀 口、节流口处海水的结垢机理，并研究了气穴现象与节流口结垢之间的关联，以及系统 压力、流速等因素对于结垢的影响；通过对比多种不同参数阀口形式、管道材质的实验 管件的结垢情况，从而提出一些切实可行的防垢阻垢除垢措施。 本文的主要工作如下： 妥善收集处理管件上附着的水垢，通过 ESEM 电镜扫描、离子色谱等多种物理、仪 器分析方法，分析其垢物的主要物质成分。 从海水的化学成分出发，结合相关资料，探讨液压系统中海水的结垢离子种类及结 垢机理，重点研究了阀口处常见的气穴现象与水垢的关联；通过进行一系列实验，研究 不同的工作参数（主要是压差和流速）、流道结构、元件材质对实验管件结垢是否有影 响。 提出阻垢防垢措施，考虑从阀口结构的优化，元件材质，系统工作参数方面着手， 减少或消除水垢的产生。 关键词：海水液压 阀口结垢 气穴 阻垢防垢 II II Abstract Water hydraulic transmission technology using seawater or fresh water as working media has already become hot issues in the fields of research and development of fluid drive and control. However, seawater with high hardness that has a relatively large amount of calcium and magnesium ions can easily lead to scale problem. this paper researches the problems of scaling, which existing at some seawater hydraulic valve portchoke. The mechanism of seawater scaling, and various factors of effecting scaling, such as flow rate, pressure of the system, as well as the relation between cavitation and choke scaling are disscused; By comparing diverse scale conditions of experimental pipe fittings with different structure parameters, and different forms of valve port and of different materials, the theoretical proposes some feasible measures for anti-scaling and scale-removal. The main contents of this paper are as follows: The deposited scale properly collected and disposed from the fittings is analysed by a variety of physical, instrumental analysis methods, such as ESEM electron scanning microscope and ion chromatography to find the main material composition of the scale. On the basis of chemical composition of seawater, with several informations, the category scaling ions and mechanism of seawater scaling at hydraulic valve port choke are studied, and the relevance of scaling and cavitation as a common phenomenon at seawater hydraulic valve port is dis