国家助学贷款制度创新研究-行政管理专业论文.docxVIP

Study on the system innovation of China’s national student loan A Dissertation Submitted for the Degree of Master Candidate： Bai Hua Supervisor：Xiu Yu Yu Chang’an University, Xi’an, China I I 摘 要 我国高校国家助学贷款是我国中央和省级政府共同推动的一种信用助学贷款，由国 家通过招标方式确定贷款，商业银行负责发放，资助对象是普通高等学校中经济困难的 在校全日制本、专科学生、研究生和第二学士学位学生，目的是用于帮助他们支付在校 期间的学费、住宿费和日常生活费等。在中国收入分配不均、贫困家庭趋多的状况下， 发展国家助学贷款有利于弥补市场失灵，实现教育机会公平和人力资本积累。 1999 年我国国家助学贷款开展伊始，至今，存在着助学贷款缺乏强有力的制度约束， 部分条款设计欠合理，缺乏科学、系统的管理方法和缺少有效的绩效评估等缺陷。产生 这些问题的原因有：国家助学贷款缺少配套的法律法规保障、管理环境不健全、政府作 为不够、高校对助学贷款的忽视和学生还贷负担重等。因此，运用各种管理学相关理论 和方法对国家助学贷款进行深层次的分析和充分的论证，同时借鉴发达国家助学贷款的 成功经验来完善我国的助学贷款，是极需解决的理论和现实问题。 针对国家助学贷款存在的几项问题，本文在最后一部分提出了三点完善国家助学贷 款制度的创新路径：首先应从完善国家助学贷款立法和建立健全个人信用制度两方面加 强国家助学贷款制度环境建设；其次要完善国家助学贷款的管理环境，协调四个参与主 体各司其职；再次从规范助学贷款中的不合理因素入手，创新已有的资助项目。最后提 出了两项创新，即建立政策性银行办理国家助学贷款和对实施主体实行有效地绩效评 估。能从实践方面弥补目前国家助学贷款制度存在的缺陷，有助于建立一个全面而健康 的国家助学贷款制度。 关键词：国家助学贷款，现状分析，创新路径 III III IV IV Abstract Chinas National Student Loan is a credit student loan which is jointly promoted by Chinas central and provincial governments. The commercial bank, which is determined by the state through the tender, is responsible for issuing loans. It’s for the full-time college students, graduate students and second bachelors degree students, who have the economic difficulties in colleges and universities. And it aims at helping them to pay the tuition, accommodation fees and daily expenses during school. In the case of China’s serious income distribution and a high proportion of poor, the development of national student loan is the need to compensate for market failure and to achieve the equal educational opportunity and the human capital accumulation. China’s National Student Loan is carried out in 1999. Up to now there are still some defects, such as, lack of strong institutional constraints, some unreasonable terms, lack of scientific and systemic management and effective performance evaluation. The reasons of these problems are: lack of supporting laws and regulations, unsound management envir