英语语法大全及讲解.pdf

一、直接引语和间接引语详解 引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号“ “标出，叫做直 接引语；用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要引号这叫做间接引语，实际上间接引语大都是宾语 从句（其中由祈使句转换的间接引语除外，其转换后是不定式）。那么直接引语为陈述句、一般 疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句，转换为间接引语时，句子的结构，人称、时态、时间状语和地点 状语等都要有变化，如何变化呢? 1、人称的转变 1）直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称，如： He said，“I am very sorry.” ——He said that he was very sorry. 2）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，转换为第一人称，如： “You should be more careful next time,” my father told me.—— My father told me that I should be more careful the next time. 3）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说的，转换成第三人称。 She said to her son, “Ill check your homework tonight.” —— She said to her son that she would check his homework that night. 4）人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等，如： He asked me, “Will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this aft ernoon?” —— He asked me whether I would go to the station with him to meet a friend of his that afternoon. 总之，人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况，具体对待，要符合逻辑。 2、时态的转换 直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）的谓 语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾语从句的时态要 求），变化如下： 直接引语 间接引语 直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般过去时 过去完成时 现在进行时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成时 现在完成时 过去完成时 过去进行时 过去进行时 一般将来时 过去将来时 例如： “I am very glad to visit your school”, she said. —— She said she was very glad to visit our school. Tom said, “We are listening to the pop music.” —— Tom said that they were listening to the pop music. Mother asked, “Have you finished your homework before you watch TV?” —— Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV. He asked the conductor, “Where shall I get off to change to a No. 3 bus?” —— He asked the conductor where he would get off to change to a No. 3 bus. “Why did she refuse to go there?” the teacher asked. —— The teacher asked why she had refused to go there. 1 Mother asked me, “Had you finished your homework before you watched TV?” —— Mother asked me whether I had finished my homewo