素食主义英文版.ppt

Types of Vegetarians Loacto-ovo: vegetarians who consume eggs, milk, and milk products Pesco: vegetarians who eat fish Vegans: vegetarians who rely exclusively on plant foods Other Definitions Omnivores: people who have no formal restriction on the eating of any foods Macrobiotic diet: extremely restrictive diet limited to a few grains (brown rice, miso soup) and vegetables based on metaphysical beliefs More Definitions Meat replacements: products made to look and taste like meat, fish, poultry Textured vegetable protein: processed soybeans used to make soy burgers, etc Tempeh: a fermented soybean food Tofu: a curd made from soybean; used in Asian vegetarian dishes Benefits of Vegetarianism Obesity Hypertension Heart Disease Cancer Diabetes Osteoporosis Diverticular Disease Gallstones Rheumatoid Arthritis Benefits of Vegetarianism Obesity Vegetarians maintain lower, healthier body weight than non-vegetarians Lower weight correlates with high intakes of fiber and low intakes of fat American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 81:1267;2005 Hypertension Vegetarians have lower blood pressure and lower rates of hypertension Other factors impact hypertension Nutrition Reviews, 63:1;2005 Benefits of Vegetarianism Heart Disease Incidence of heart disease much lower Higher intakes of fiber, antioxidants, vitamins, phytochemicals, and fats Public Health Nutrition, 87:871;2004 Cancer Significantly lower rates of cancer Ratio of vegetables to meat may be most relevant dietary factor in prevention Forum of Nutrition, 59:130;2006 Other Possible Benefits Vegetarianism may help in the prevention of the following: Diabetes Osteoporosis Diverticular Disease Gallstones Rheumatoid Arthritis Nutrition Concerns Vitamin B12 Omega-3 Fatty Acids Vitamin D Calcium Iron Zinc Protein Nutrition Concerns Vitamin B12 Found only in animal-derived foods Need fortified sources (soy milk, cereal) Small amount in tempeh but inactive form Small amount in s