09高考英语突破书面表达基础讲与练（5）.doc

09高考英语突破书面表达基础讲与练(五) Part A 写作基本理论5 英文写作基础——动词(一) 写作的基础是词汇。词汇是表达思想的基本要素。 动词 文章是由句子组成的。每一个句子都少不了谓语。而担任谓语的是动词。对于一个很活跃的动词，我们应该掌握以下几个方面： 一. 准确的读音和拼写 听得懂，说得出是写作的基础。只有掌握了正确读音，才能做到这一点。只有正确的拼写才能准确无误地传达信息。太多的拼写错误会影响书面表达的得分。 二. 基本意义 三. 常用其它意义 除了基本意义之外，这些词在其它语境中还会有不同的意义，有自己的使用范畴。因此，只掌握基本意义是不够的。 四. 常见搭配 我们所说的搭配，不仅包括动词与介词﹑副词的搭配，而且包括与名词搭配的意义。以动词make为例。make的基本意义是“制作”，而make beds意思是“整理床铺”，make use of意思是“利用”，make money挣钱，make a fortune: “发财”，make faces“做鬼脸”等等。 五. 过去式与过去分词 在书面表达中很少用到一般现在时，除非是表示规律性和反复发生的动作，当涉及时态时，就会用到动词的过去式﹑过去分词和现在分词等形式。因此，熟练掌握一些常用不规则动词的过去式和过去分词是非常必要的。这里，我们为同学们列出书面表达中经常使用的一些动词的形式。为了记忆方便，将它们分成AAA，ABB，AAB，ABA和ABC五种形式。一个字母代表一种形式。 AAA: cut, set, cost, hurt, let, put, set, shut, spread, read ABB: bend – bent – bent bring – brought – brought build – built – built burn – burnt – burnt buy – bought – bought catch – caught – caught deal – dealt – dealt feed – fed – fed feel – felt – felt fight – fought – fought find – found – found get – got – got hang – hung – hung (挂) have – had – had hear - heard – heard hide – hid – hid hold – held – held keep – kept – kept lay – laid – laid lead – led – led leave – left – left lend – lent – lent light – lit – lit lose – lost – lost make – made – made mean – meant – meant meet – met – met pay – paid – paid say – said – said sell – sold – sold send – sent – sent shine – shone – shone shoot – shot –shot sit – sat – sat sleep – slept – slept spend – spent – spent stand – stood – stood stick – stuck – stuck sweep – swept – swept teach – taught – taught tell – told – told think – thought – thought understand – understood – understood win – won – won AAB: beat – beat – beaten ABA: become – became – become come – came – come run – ran – run ABC: bear – bore – born begin – began – begun bite – bit – bitten blow – blew – blown break – broke – broken do – did – done draw – drew