东南大学研究生专业英语试卷（2008）.doc

2008年硕士研究生专业英语考试卷 Part 1 Translation (60 minutes) (60%) Section A: Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese (30 minutes) (30%) History will pity the managers of the 1990s. The Internet touched down in their midst like a tornado, tearing up the old game book, disrupting every aspect of business, and compelling them to manage for a new economy. When managers sought help, they found the experts were offering two radically different theories about what such management should look like. The first approach was reengineering - focused on process. The second approach was knowledge management- businesses that could capture the knowledge embedded in their organizations would own the future. Identifying a companys best practices is not easy, for a couple of reasons. First, theres a large gap between what a task looks like in a process manual and what it looks like in reality. Second, theres a gap between what people think they do and what they really do. Actual work practices are full of tacit improvisations that the employees who carry them out would have trouble articulating. The manager who wishes to understand the companys best practices must bridge both of those gaps. Despite these strengths of the new structure, problems began to emerge. The functional departments didnt give the new businesses the attention they needed. The staffs of the regional field organizations were in a funk; they thought their customer perspective was being overlooked. Conflict between the functions, the businesses, and the field organizations was growing. The senior team was slow to make decisions, and no one took responsibility for the performance of the developing businesses. Section B: Translate the following paragraphs into English (30 minutes) (30%) 在信息时代，公司越来越倚重于创造和利用无形资产，例如客户关系、员工知识与技能、信息技术，以及鼓励创新、注重解决问题和不断改善组织的公司文化。尽管无形资产已经成为竞争优势的主要来源，但我们还没有现成的工具来描述这些资产以及它们能够创造的价值。主要困难在于，无形资产的价值通常与组织环境和公司战略紧密相关。 与自然生态系统中的单个物种一样，商业生态系统中的每一个成员，不管其表面上有多强大，最终将与整个网络共命运。与那些主要关注内部能力的公司不同，沃尔玛和微软从一开始就认识到了这一