东南大学研究生专业英语试卷（2005）.doc

2005年硕士研究生专业英语考试卷 Part 1 Translation (60 minutes) (60%) Section A: Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese (30 minutes) (30%) Effectively transferring knowledge between two businesses is unlikely, then, unless their external environments are similar. Even if a knowledgeable business unit was well motivated to share its expertise, without the proper external stimuli to trigger information search and retrieval, it would often fail to recall that fact X was vital to the application of technology Y, particularly if that business operated in a technology-intensive setting where tacit knowledge was pervasive. National prosperity is created, not inherited. It does not grow out of a country,s natural endowments, its labor pool, its interest rates, or its currency,s value, as classical economics insists. A nation,s competitiveness depends on the capacity of its industry to innovate and upgrade. Companies gain advantage against the world,s best competitors because of pressure and challenge. They benefit from having strong domestic rivals, aggressive home-based suppliers, and demanding local customers. Many have argued that the Internet renders strategy obsolete. In reality, the opposite is true. Because the internet tends to weaken industry profitability without providing proprietary operational advantages, it is more important than ever for companies to distinguish themselves through strategy. The winners will be those that view the internet as a complement to, not a cannibal of, traditional ways of competing. Section B: Translate the following paragraphs into English (30 minutes) (30%) 既然变革是领导的功能，那么在领导的过程中，能够激发极富活力的行为，对解决变革过程中不可避免的障碍十分重要。正如确立方向明确了组织前进的正确道路，成功的激励将确保人们拥有足够的能量去克服困难。 会计是企业最为传统的信息系统。在运用这种方法进行企业管理时，人们似乎已经尽了最大的努力，再也无计可施了。事实上，越来越多的企业已经从传统的成本会计法转向基于活动的成本核算，后者代表着一种完全不同的经营理念和绩效测评方法。 Part 2 Reading Comprehension and Writing (60 minutes) (40%) In recent years, it seems as though the only constant in business has been upheaval. Changes have occurred at ev