东南大学研究生专业英语试卷.doc

2004年硕士研究生专业英语考试卷 Part 1 Translation (60 minutes) (60%) Section A: Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese (30 minutes) (30%) For the firm, resources and products are two sides of the same coin. Most products require the services of several resources and most resources can be used in several products. By specifying the size of the firm,s activity in different product markets, it is possible to infer the minimum necessary resource commitments. Conversely, by specifying a resource profile for a firm, it is possible to find the optimal product-market activities. National prosperity is created, not inherited. It does not grow out of a country,s natural endowments, its labor pool, its interest rates, or its currency,s value, as classical economics insists. A nation,s competitiveness depends on the capacity of its industry to innovate and upgrade. Companies gain advantage against the world,s best competitors because of pressure and challenge. They benefit from having strong domestic rivals, aggressive home-based suppliers, and demanding local customers. Nor dose core competence mean shared costs , as when two or more SBUs (strategic business units) use a common facility - a plant, service facility, or sales force - or share a common component. The gains of sharing may be substantial, but the search for shared costs is typically a post hoc effort to rationalize production across existing businesses, not a premeditated effort to build the competencies out of which the businesses themselves grow. Section B: Translate the following paragraphs into English (30 minutes) (30%) 企业经营使命的唯一有效的定义是：创造顾客。正是顾客决定了企业是什么而不是什么。因为企业的经营使命是创造顾客，所以任何企业就有两个——也只有两个——基本的职能：营销和创新。 与有形的物质资产不同，企业核心能力的价值不会随着时间流逝而损耗，反而会随着其应用和分享而不断提高。但是，核心能力仍然需要培育和保护，否则，核心能力蕴含的知识将逐渐退化。 Part 2 Reading Comprehension and Writing (60 minutes) (40%) We tend to view situations that require decision making as problems. Decisions are thrust on us by circumstances (recessions, natural disasters) or the actions of