知识点精析与应用.PDFVIP

知识点精析与应用 1．单词和词组 (1) pain n. a feeling of suffering or discomfort in a particular part of the body(身体某一特定部位的)痛；疼痛；不适 e. g. ① Ive got a pain here, just here. 我就这里痛。 ② Ive (feel) a pain in my stomach. 我觉得肚子痛。 ③ She had pains all over. 她全身疼。 notes: 1)某部位痛时，不能用该部位作主语，而应用人作主语。 e. g. I have a pain in my back. 我背痛。 不能说 My back has a pain. 2)(精神上的)痛苦(不可数名词) e. g. He gave his mother much pain by acting in such foolish way. 他干这样的蠢事使他母亲很痛苦。 3) pain 作“努力”和“辛苦”讲时，只用复数形式，但不能用many, few 修饰。 e. g. No pains, no gains. 不劳无获。 4)与ache 的区别 a. ache 表“疼痛”，主语常是身体部位而不是“人”。 e. g. My leg aches. (=I have a pain in my leg.) 我腿痛。 b. leg, foot, hand, forehead 之类的词——不加在ache(名词)前构成复 合名词，如不说：legache, footache, 而说 have a pain in ones leg (hand, foot, „), 但ache 前可加head (tooth, stomach 等)构成复合名词：have a headache (toothache). (2) illness n. state of being ill (contrasted with health) 不 健康，疾病(为 health 的相反词) specific kind of, occasion of 某种疾病， 生病 e. g. ① What does the doctor say for each illness? 医生对每种疾病都说什么啦？ ② There has been no illness in the village this winter. 今年冬季这村子里没有疾病。 notes: ill 与 sick 的区别 (adj.) 1)这两个词都有“生病”、“有病”之意。 2) “ill”只能作为表语形容词，而sick 既可作表语，又可修饰名词作定语。 e. g. ① He has been ill. =He has been sick. ② She is looking after her sick father. (此句中不能把“sick”换成 “ill”) 3) “ill”用作定语时，是“坏的”、“恶意的”之意。 e. g. ill will 仇恨； ill health 不健康； ill news 坏消息 4)sick 还有“恶心”、“想呕吐”、“讨厌”之意。 e. g. I feel sick. 我觉得要吐(我觉得恶心)。 (3) advise v. give advice to 劝告；忠告 e. g. ① I advise you not to eat fruit that isnt ripe. 我劝你不要吃那不熟的水果。 ② What would you advise? 你有什么建议？ notes: 1) advise 后偶尔也可跟动名词。 e. g. She advised going swimming. 2)一般情况下advise 后跟宾语sb.就用“advise sb. to do”而不说“advise sb. doing”。 3)advise 可跟从句作宾语，须用虚拟语气 (should + 动词或直接用动词原形) e. g. ① Please advise us wheth